Fig. 6.

Diagram sketch outlining the major alterations in microbiota metabolic pathways. (A) Radar Chart summarizing the relative change in abundance of primary metabolites amino acids, nitrogenous compounds, sugars, and organic acids after incubation for 24 h compared to their relative abundance at 0.5 h (identified in dashed gray line). Measurement points indicate abundance in functional food treated samples. All points outside the gray dashed frame indicate increased abundance with time whereas points within the gray frame indicate lower abundance with time. While organic acid increase in all functional food treated samples, all of amino acids, nitrogenous compounds and sugars are reduced with time (except for sumac treated sample with regard to sugar abundance 24 h post incubation). (B) Schematic diagram outlining the metabolic pathways adopted by microbiota to convert amino acids and sugars into SCFA through either Carbon metabolism or Nitrogen metabolism and explaining the part A findings of the Radar chart.