. 2019 Sep 12;57(2):564–577. doi: 10.1007/s13197-019-04088-8

Table 2.

Selected physical properties of powders

Tested powder	Dry matter (%) Xav ± SD	Water activity (–) Xav ± SD	Apparent density (kg/m³) Xav ± SD	d₅₀ (µm) Xav ± SD	L* (–) Xav ± SD	L* after storage 4 °C (–) Xav ± SD	L* after storage 25 °C (–) Xav ± SD
MD10 160 °C	98.4 ± 0.03^a	0.212 ± 0.014^cd	1166 ± 3.5^h	29.6 ± 2.3^a–e	46.2 ± 0.2^a–cA	47.8 ± 0.9^a–cAB	48.1 ± 0.5^a–dC
MD10 200 °C	98.7 ± 0.09^a	0.202 ± 0.013^b–d	1091 ± 2.9^f	37.7 ± 2.6^e	46.0 ± 0.2^abA	48.8 ± 0.5^bcB	48.3 ± 0.3^a–dB
MD15 160 °C	98.6 ± 0.31^a	0.234 ± 0.004^de	1130 ± 2.6^g	33.3 ± 2.0^d–f	45.8 ± 0.2^abA	47.2 ± 0.3^a–cB	47.1 ± 0.4^a–dB
MD15 200 °C	97.9 ± 0.01^a	0.229 ± 0.006^de	1181 ± 5.0ⁱ	28.1 ± 2.1^a–c	45.8 ± 0.1^abA	48.4 ± 0.1^a–cB	49.2 ± 1.3^b–dB
AG:MD10 1:3 160 °C	98.1 ± 0.04^a	0.206 ± 0.005^b–d	1221 ± 1.4^l	32.8 ± 0.6^c–f	45.3 ± 0.3^aA	48.3 ± 0.1^a–cC	46.4 ± 0.2^abB
AG:MD10 1:3 200 °C	97.8 ± 0.49^a	0.185 ± 0.018^a–c	1053 ± 4.2^e	32.6 ± 1.1^c–e	46.7 ± 0.9^a–cA	47.8 ± 0.5^a–cA	47.3 ± 0.7^a–dA
AG:MD10 1:1 160 °C	98.0 ± 0.03^a	0.211 ± 0.001^cd	1217 ± 0.8^kl	29.1 ± 0.9^a–e	46.0 ± 0.3^abA	47.4 ± 0.4^a–cB	48.2 ± 0.2^a–dB
AG:MD10 1:1 200 °C	98.3 ± 0.15^a	0.174 ± 0.002^ab	1059 ± 0.7^e	33.6 ± 0.9^d–f	46.0 ± 0.7^abA	47.5 ± 0.1^a–cA	47.0 ± 1.8^a–dA
AG:MD10 3:1 160 °C	97.1 ± 0.001^a	0.186 ± 0.003^a–c	1279 ± 2.4ⁿ	27.5 ± 0.4^ab	47.1 ± 1.1^a–cA	47.6 ± 0.5^a–cA	49.4 ± 1.4^cdA
AG:MD10 3:1 200 °C	98.6 ± 0.15^a	0.158 ± 0.013^a	995 ± 0.8^b	34.1 ± 0.6^ef	45.9 ± 0.8^abA	46.7 ± 0.5^aA	47.9 ± 0.5^a–dA
AG:MD15 1:3 160 °C	97.4 ± 0.01^a	0.257 ± 0.013^e	1208 ± 5.5^jk	24.8 ± 0.9^a	46.8 ± 0.7^a–cA	47.1 ± 0.5^abA	48.1 ± 0.5^a–dA
AG:MD15 1:3 200 °C	98.4 ± 0.03^a	0.202 ± 0.004^b–d	1172 ± 1.9^hi	32.1 ± 1.5^b–e	47.9 ± 0.3^bcB	48.6 ± 0.2^a–cB	46.8 ± 0.3^a–cA
AG:MD15 1:1 160 °C	97.9 ± 0.09^a	0.169 ± 0.003^a	1198 ± 5.4^j	28.8 ± 0.5^a–d	48.2 ± 0.9^cA	47.0 ± 0.2^abA	46.0 ± 0.5^aA
AG:MD15 1:1 200 °C	99.1 ± 0.25^a	0.215 ± 0.004^cd	1033 ± 3.9^d	47.7 ± 5.6^g	46.8 ± 1.0^a–cA	47.9 ± 0.2^a–cA	46.0 ± 0.5^aA
AG:MD15 3:1 160 °C	97.8 ± 0.08^a	0.159 ± 0.000^a	1244 ± 5.0^m	28.9 ± 0.8^a–d	47.6 ± 0.5^bcA	47.6 ± 0.4^a–cA	49.2 ± 0.7^b–dA
AG:MD15 3:1 200 °C	97.8 ± 0.55^a	0.175 ± 0.001^ab	1022 ± 3.2^c	32.8 ± 0.6^c–f	46.1 ± 1.3^a–cA	48.2 ± 0.5^a–cA	48.4 ± 0.5^a–dA
AG 160 °C	98.0 ± 0.07^a	0.174 ± 0.004^ab	1235 ± 4.9^m	29.1 ± 0.4^a–e	45.5 ± 0.5^aA	47.3 ± 1.0^a–cA	47.4 ± 0.2^a–dA
AG 200 °C	97.8 ± 0.17^a	0.165 ± 0.001^a	970 ± 2.2^a	33.2 ± 0.3^d–f	46.5 ± 0.3^a–cA	49.0 ± 0.1^a–cB	49.8 ± 0.7^dB

Tested powder	a* (–) Xav ± SD	a* after storage 4 °C (–) Xav ± SD	a* after storage 25 °C (–) Xav ± SD	b* (–) Xav ± SD	b* after storage 4 °C (–) Xav ± SD	b* after storage 25 °C (–) Xav ± SD
MD10 160 °C	37.4 ± 0.28^jA	36.8 ± 1.24^AG	36.4 ± 0.19^AG	1.13 ± 0.07^hA	0.99 ± 0.41^e–AG	0.96 ± 0.16^bcA
MD10 200 °C	37.1 ± 0.19^jB	34.4 ± 0.52^d–AG	35.1 ± 0.16^fAG	1.07 ± 0.09^hA	0.70 ± 0.30^d–fA	0.96 ± 0.27^bcA
MD15 160 °C	36.2 ± 0.79^ijA	36.3 ± 0.11^fAG	34.9 ± 0.46^fAG	1.02 ± 0.19^ghA	2.04 ± 0.15^gB	1.04 ± 0.09^cA
MD15 200 °C	37.5 ± 0.22^jC	35.7 ± 0.33^fgB	33.6 ± 0.52^c–fA	1.42 ± 0.08^hA	1.21 ± 0.22^fAG	1.00 ± 0.70^cA
AG:MD10 1:3 160 °C	36.4 ± 0.25^ijB	34.0 ± 0.17^c–fA	36.3 ± 0.19^gB	0.57 ± 0.07^fAG	0.45 ± 0.09^c–fA	0.65 ± 0.11^a–cA
AG:MD10 1:3 200 °C	35.1 ± 0.86^hiA	34.3 ± 0.34^c–fA	34.5 ± 0.11^d–AG	0.34 ± 0.14^efA	0.66 ± 0.08^d–fA	0.36 ± 0.20^a–cA
AG:MD10 1:1 160 °C	35.0 ± 0.07^hiC	33.1 ± 0.01^b–eB	32.4 ± 0.01^cdA	0.00 ± 0.09^deA	0.14 ± 0.02^b–fA	− 0.02 ± 0.04^a–cA
AG:MD10 1:1 200 °C	33.9 ± 0.05^ghB	32.6 ± 0.11^b–dA	32.7 ± 0.71^c–eAB	− 0.05 ± 0.09^deA	− 0.13 ± 0.04^b–eA	0.46 ± 1.03^a–cA
AG:MD10 3:1 160 °C	30.2 ± 0.31^a–cA	31.9 ± 0.71^bcAB	32.1 ± 0.62^bcB	− 0.86 ± 0.23^bA	− 0.69 ± 0.35^a–cA	− 0.07 ± 0.17^a–cA
AG:MD10 3:1 200 °C	30.4 ± 0.59^a–cA	31.4 ± 0.57^abA	30.1 ± 0.00^abA	− 0.98 ± 0.17^abA	− 0.91 ± 0.23^abA	− 0.95 ± 0.01^aA
AG:MD15 1:3 160 °C	33.0 ± 0.50^fAG	35.3 ± 0.21^e–gB	33.8 ± 0.23^c–fA	0.30 ± 0.16^efA	0.49 ± 0.10^c–fA	0.26 ± 0.18^a–cA
AG:MD15 1:3 200 °C	31.4 ± 0.57^c–eA	34.0 ± 1.32^c–fAB	34.8 ± 0.30^e–gB	− 0.11 ± 0.15^deA	0.75 ± 0.75^d–fA	0.56 ± 0.05^a–cA
AG:MD15 1:1 160 °C	29.9 ± 0.29^abA	33.2 ± 0.42^b–eB	34.2 ± 0.16^c–gB	− 0.79 ± 0.20^bcA	− 0.17 ± 0.33^b–eA	− 0.12 ± 0.21^a–cA
AG:MD15 1:1 200 °C	32.3 ± 0.80^efAB	30.8 ± 0.13^abA	33.4 ± 0.05^c–fB	− 0.37 ± 0.24^cdA	− 0.37 ± 0.16^a–dA	− 0.15 ± 0.13^a–cA
AG:MD15 3:1 160 °C	32.1 ± 0.14^d–fB	32.6 ± 1.10^b–dB	30.0 ± 0.21^abA	− 1.03 ± 0.09^abA	− 0.59 ± 0.53^a–cA	− 0.84 ± 0.25^aA
AG:MD15 3:1 200 °C	30.7 ± 0.41^b–dA	30.8 ± 0.30^abA	32.4 ± 0.02^cdB	− 0.70 ± 0.28^bcAB	− 0.96 ± 0.05^abA	− 0.18 ± 0.16^a–cB
AG 160 °C	30.1 ± 0.56^a–cA	31.1 ± 0.64^abAB	32.5 ± 0.77^cdB	− 1.10 ± 0.13^abA	− 0.98 ± 0.32^abA	− 0.05 ± 0.69^a–cA
AG 200 °C	29.1 ± 0.09^aA	29.1 ± 0.35^aA	29.6 ± 1.70^aA	− 1.38 ± 0.06^aA	− 1.48 ± 0.10^aA	− 0.80 ± 1.06^abA

a–d values with different letters in the same column differ significantly (p < 0.05)

A–D values with different letters denoted in rows for the same parameter before and after storage differ significantly (p < 0.05)