Fig. 3. Investigation of the clotting function of N-CDs for LiPS in a 2032 coin cell.

a, b Shuttle current measurement and discharge/charge curves of the coin cells with 0 and 0.5 wt% N-CDs and without LiNO₃ additive. The shuttle current measurement was held at 2.38 V for 43,200 s in the cycling process at 0.2 C. c SEM image and corresponding EDS elemental mapping of the sulfur cathode with 0.5 wt% N-CDs at a discharge voltage of 2.1 V. Green is for C, yellow is for N, blue is for O, purple is for F and red is for S. Scale bar: 1 μm.