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. 2020 Feb 12;10:2477. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-59408-2

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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High glucose induces RRPs apoptosis and oxidative stress. RRPs were cultured for 2 days in different media. (A) High glucose induces RRPs apoptosis detected using TUNEL staining. Blue indicates DAPI-stained nuclei, while red indicates TUNEL-positive cells. (B) Quantification of TUNEL staining showing that more RRPs apoptosis in the HG group than the NC and HP groups. (C) Intracellular ROS levels were measured with the fluorescent probe DCFH-DA, and images were obtained by fluorescence microscopy. (D) The ROS fluorescence intensity values were calculated using Adobe Photoshop version 7.0. The ROS levels of RRPs in the HG group were significantly higher than those of RRPs in the NC group. RFU: relative fluorescence unit. All data are presented as means ± SEM(n = 3/group). ^*P < 0.05 vs NC, HP.