Table 2.

Hazard ratios for death according to PM₁₀ exposure duration.

	N (%)	HR	95% CI		aHR	95% CI
12 months
Total COPD	6,313	1.018	1.001	1.035	1.011	0.994	1.027
Pure COPD	3,186 (50.47)	1.015	0.992	1.040	1.004	0.981	1.028
ACO	3,127 (49.53)	1.020	0.997	1.044	1.015	0.993	1.039
6 months
Total COPD	6,313	1.179	1.167	1.190	1.123	1.111	1.135
Pure COPD	3,186 (50.47)	1.186	1.170	1.202	1.124	1.106	1.142
ACO	3,127 (49.53)	1.171	1.155	1.188	1.125	1.108	1.143
3 months
Total COPD	6,313	1.166	1.156	1.176	1.117	1.107	1.128
Pure COPD	3,186 (50.47)	1.169	1.155	1.183	1.116	1.100	1.131
ACO	3,127 (49.53)	1.163	1.149	1.177	1.124	1.109	1.140
1 month
Total COPD	6,313	1.035	1.019	1.051	1.022	1.009	1.036
Pure COPD	3,186 (50.47)	1.035	1.012	1.059	1.017	0.998	1.036
ACO	3,127 (49.53)	1.035	1.012	1.057	1.026	1.007	1.046

COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ACO = asthma and COPD overlap, HR = hazard ratio, CI = confidence interval.

*Adjusted by sex, age, Charlson Comorbidity Index, smoking status, body mass index, and household income level.