Table 1.

Inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Inclusion criteria	Exclusion criteria
Caucasian ethnicity	Congenital and dental anomalies
No previous orthodontic treatment	Syndrome or cranio-facial anomaly
Dynamic phase of growth: mixed dentition in initial phase and skeletal age among the I and III stadium, according to the CVM method	Previous orthodontic treatment
Pre and post-treatment models study	Asymmetries of the face
Maxillary crossbite due to maxillary hypoplasia	Loss of two or more appointments