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. 2020 Feb 6;11:1. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00001

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Copyright © 2020 Yamauchi, Cooper, Shimizu, Kobayashi, Smith and Duncan

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Histone acetylation as a potential therapeutic target within the dentine-pulp complex. (A) Morphological comparison of post-natal day 10 maxillary first molar teeth of (Ai) WT and (Aii) HDAC4−/− mice using haematoxylin and eosin staining of sagittal sections highlighting differences in the volume of dentine and enamel deposited in the crown of the tooth. (Bi) Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrating HDAC-5 expression was evident in the odontoblasts (arrow), predentine layer, and pulp of WT adult first molar teeth in rats compared with (Bii) negative control. Dn = mineralised dentine; En = enamel; Pp = pulp tissue. Scale bars = (Ai) 250 μm, (Aii) 10 μm (original magnification x4), (Bi-ii) 50 μm (original magnification x10) (Duncan, 2017) (C) Schematic illustration of the potential of HDACi to be applied topically to damaged pulp tissue in a dental procedure to promote regenerative responses in VPT. Odontoblast-like cells are a replacement secretory cell after the death of primary odontoblast cells, which have been lost during the traumatic or carious insult. The differentiation of this cell type is crucial to the regeneration of dentine and mineralised tissue within the dentine-pulp complex. HDACi have been shown to augment several cellular processes central to this regenerative process, including increasing odontogenic gene expression, stimulating stem cell migration, promoting the release of bioactive dentine matrix components and accelerating mineralisation. SC, stem cell; DMC, dentine matrix component.