Fig. 2.

Safety assessment. (a) Mortality rate within 24 h after ICI. (b) Scoring of PE formation in each group. Score 0 implied that no pulmonary embolism was observed under microscope (HE staining, 40 ×). Score 1 was recorded for thrombus formation in less than 2 sites, score 2 was recorded for thrombosis in 3 sites, and score 3 was recorded for thrombus formation in no less than 4 sites. * denotes P < 0.05 vs. data from the PBS group (ANOVA analysis). ^# denotes P < 0.05 vs. data from the same cell-dose ASs group (ANOVA analysis). (c) Pulmonary embolism detection by H&E staining. Scale bar = 500 μm. (d) Typical formation (upper) and schematic illustration (under) of PE in a pulmonary microvessel. The accumulation of ADSCs in the pulmonary microcirculation led to hemodynamic change and eventually led to embolism. White boxed area in the left graph is magnified and shown in the right image. White arrow denotes some nucleated cells in the pulmonary microcirculation. Green arrow denotes a thrombus formed by accumulation of red blood cells. Scale bar = 200 μm. (e) Dil-ADSCs in the pulmonary vessel. CD 31 staining (upper) for vascular endothelium and α-SMA staining (under) for vascular smooth muscle. Scale bar = 100 μm. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)