Table 3.

The role of SUMOylation pathway in cerebral ischemia.

Molecular sites targeting SUMO	Possible mechanisms	Models	References
Neuron-specific knockdown of SUMO	Exacerbating functional outcome	In vivo	[48]
Overexpression the SUMO E2-conjugase Ubc9	Promoting neuronal differentiation and enhancing resistance	In vitro	[49]
SUMO-specific protease 1 (SENP1)	Inhibiting SUMO1 conjugation and conferring neuroprotection	In vivo	[51]
URB597	Inhibiting SENP3 and attenuating chronic cerebral hypoperfusion	In vivo	[52]
SUMOylation of LYS590 of NCX3 f-Loop	Conferring neuroprotection	In vivo	[54]
SUMOylation of E2-25K	Inhibiting proteasome activity	In vivo	[55]