Table 4.

Agents that can activate the autophagy-lysosome pathway in ischemic stroke models.

Agents	Effects on ischemic stroke	Possible mechanisms	Models	References
Mitofusin	Protective	Enhancing autophagosome formation and promoting the fusion of autophagosomes	In vitro	[76]
Rab7b	Protective	Regulating the lysosomal degradation of TLR4	In vivo	[77]
PF-11	Protective	Attenuating autophagic-lysosomal defects	In vivo	[78]
Sphingosine kinase 2	Protective	Activating autophagy	In vitro	[79]
Phosphorylated CAV1	Protective	Activating autophagy	In vivo and in vitro	[80]
Neuronal rho GTPase Rac1 ablation	Protective	Maintenance of lysosomes	In vivo	[81]
Resveratrol	Protective	Suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation	In vivo	[82]
HHcy	Detrimental	Promoting lysosomal dysfunction and autophagic defect	In vivo and in vitro	[83]
CysC	Protective	Preserving lysosomal membrane integrity	In vivo	[84]
Acute ethanol exposure	Protective	Increased ASIC1a protein degradation	In vitro	[85]

Abbreviations: TLR4: toll-like receptor 4; PF-11: pseudoginsenoside-F11; CAV1: caveolin1; NLRP3: NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3; HHcy: hyperhomocysteinemia; CysC: cystatin C; ASIC1a: acid-sensing ion channel 1a.