Table 3.
Comparison of respondents with problem gambling and no problem gambling. Chi-squared analysis and Mann-Whitney comparison, and logistic regression analysis with problem gambling as the dependent variable (N = 1,004).
| Problem gambling, % (n) | No problem gambling, % (n) | p value (Chi-squared or Mann-Whitney comparisons) | Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval (logistic regression)* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male gender | 61 (80) | 81 (706) | <0.001 | 0.64 (0.36–1.15) |
| Age group | <0.001 | 0.57 (0.46–0.70)** | ||
| - 18–24 | 13 (17) | 3 (24) | ||
| - 25–29 | 18 (24) | 6 (55) | ||
| - 30–39 | 13 (41) | 21 (179) | ||
| - 40–49 | 22 (29) | 23 (198) | ||
| - 50–59 | 13 (17) | 23 (202) | ||
| - 60–69 | 2 (3) | 16 (138) | ||
| - 70+ | 1 (1) | 9 (76) | ||
| Psychological distress | 16.5 (IQR 13–20) | 9 (7–12) | <0.001 | 1.15 (1.09–1.21)** |
| Alcohol problems | 18 (24) | 5 (41) | <0.001 | 1.53 (0.64–3.64) |
| Drug problems | 14 (19) | 2 (15) | <0.001 | 2.40 (0.86–6.70) |
| Tertiary education | 57 (75) | 45 (396) | 0.01 | 1.68 (1.01–2.80)** |
| Past 30-day money lost from gambling (Euros)*** | <0.001 | 1.58 (1.41–1.78)** | ||
| - <4.3 | 5 (7) | 21 (179) | ||
| - 4.3–8.7 | 4 (5) | 11 (94) | ||
| - 8.7–17.4 | 5 (7) | 16 (142) | ||
| - 17.4–34.8 | 8 (10) | 18 (156) | ||
| - 34.8–52.2 | 15 (20) | 13 (111) | ||
| - 52.2–87.0 | 10 (13) | 9 (77) | ||
| - 87.0–173.9 | 18 (24) | 9 (78) | ||
| - 173.9–434.8 | 12 (16) | 3 (26) | ||
| - 434.8–869.6 | 8 (10) | 1 (7) | ||
| - >869.6 | 15 (20) | 0 (2) | ||
| Past-30-day online gambling activity | <0.001 | |||
| - None | 8 (11) | 33 (287) | 2.40 (1.03–5.58)** | |
| - Online casino, no live betting | 23 (30) | 15 (134) | ||
| - Live betting, no online casino | 11 (14) | 40 (351) | 0.74 (0.31–1.80) | |
| - Both | 58 (77) | 11 (100) | 5.12 (2.35–11.17)** |
*Nagelkerke 0.56.
**Significant association (p < 0.05).
***Responses in local currency, and values expressed here in Euros (1 Euro corresponding to around 11.5 SEK).