Table 1.
Effects of nicotine and cotinine on the fertilization of P. lividus eggs.
| Nicotine (mM) | 0 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 1 | 1.5 | 2 | 6 | 20 |
| Egg-incorporated Sperm Count | 1.11 ± 0.33 | 1.14 ± 0.40 | 1.14 ± 0.40 | 1.23 ± 0.50 | 1.87 ± 1.07 | 2.2 ± 1.2 | 5.0 ± 4.0 * | 7.2 ± 2.5 * | 11.1 ± 3.9 * |
| Eggs with Full/Partial FE elevation | 100%/0% | 50%/18% | 24%/22% | 0%/33% | 0%/13% | 3.3%/6.7% | 0%/0% | 0%/0% | 0%/0% |
| n | 160 | 50 | 50 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 80 | 40 | 40 |
| Cotinine (mM) | 0 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 1 | 1.5 | 2 | 6 | 20 |
| Egg-incorporated Sperm Count | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 1.05 ± 0.22 | 1.1 ± 0.31 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 1.05 ± 0.22 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 1.1 ± 0.31 | 0.55 ± 0.60 # |
| Eggs with Full/Partial FE elevation | 100%/0% | 75%/25% | 65%/35% | 25%/45% | 5%/75% | 10%/20% | 0%/0% | 0%/0% | 0%/0% |
| n | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
* Significantly different from the values in the control (no drug). U-test: * P < 0.00001, # P < 0.05.