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. 2020 Jan 7;9(1):140. doi: 10.3390/cells9010140

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Genetic control of the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) family and other lipogenic gene expression. Promoter regions of SCD genes present many transcription factor binding sites, such as sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1), carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP), liver X receptor (LXR), or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR). Black arrows represent inductive signals while red lines represent repressive signals that negatively modulate SCD genes expression. Glucose uptake or insulin signaling, but also lipid uptake, hormones, or growth factors binding to their receptors, signaling pathways such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), or endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, promote direct or indirect transcription factor binding to SCDs promoters to modulate SCD gene expression. Some microRNAs (mirRNA121, 221, 222, and 600) have been reported to downregulate SCDs expression. Activator protein 1 (AP-1) is a transcription factor that reduces SCD1 expression after leptin stimulation. C/EBP induction can also downregulate SCD1 expression after bacterial infection.