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. 2020 Jan 18;10(1):56. doi: 10.3390/brainsci10010056

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Neurofilament after neuroaxonal damage. (a) Immunohistochemical staining of neurofilament-positive neurons in post-mortem human ischemic cerebellum tissue. Scale bar: 100 μm. (b) High magnification of squared area in (a) showing neurofilament-positive neurons. Scale bar: 40 μm. Neurofilament immunohistochemical staining was performed on parallel tissue sections from post-mortem ischemic brain tissue used in previous studies [6,7,8,9]. Staining was performed using similar protocols and the following antibody: monoclonal mouse anti-neurofilament (phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated NF-H chain) antibody (clone N52, 1:1000, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). The use of human brains was approved by the Danish Biomedical Research Ethical Committee for the Region of Southern Denmark (permission number S-20080042). (c) Schematic presentation of neuroaxonal damage leading to neurofilament release. When a neuron and its axon are damaged, neurofilament is released into the extracellular space (A) and subsequently into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood (B), where it can be detected in increased levels following neuroaxonal damage. Abbreviations: BBB, blood–brain barrier; NF, neurofilament.