Table 1.

Key genes involved in abiotic stress signaling in rolling cotton.

Gene	Type	Phenotypic Effect/Function	Reference
GhHUB2	Histone H2B monoubiquitinatin E3 ligase encoding gene	Drought tolerance through increased soluble sugar, proline, and leaf relative water contents	[43]
GrMAPKKK and GhMAPKKK	MAPK gene family	Drought and salt responsive	[20]
GhMAP3K1, GhMKK4, and GhMPK6	MAPK signaling gene	Regulates the drought stress response by interacting with GhWRKY59–GhDREB2	[26]
GhMKK3	MAPK signaling gene	Enhanced drought tolerance	[25]
GhMAP3K40	MAPK signaling gene	Salt and drought stress tolerance at the germination stage	[44]
GhMPK4	MAPK signaling gene	Increased sensitivity to ABA, salt, and drought	[45]
GhMPK17	MAPK signaling gene	Osmotic and salt stress tolerance	[46]
GbMPK3	MAPK signaling gene	Enhanced oxidative and drought stress tolerance	[47]
GhMPK6a	MAPK signaling gene	Drought and salinity	[48]
GhMKK1	MAPK signaling gene	Drought and salinity	[49]
GhMKK5	MAPK signaling gene	Drought and salinity	[50]
GhMPK2	MAPK signaling gene	Drought and salinity	[51]
GbRLK	Receptor-like kinase	Drought and salinity	[52]
GaHDG11 (HD-ZIP)	Transcription factor	Drought and heat stress	[53]
GhNAC79	Transcription factor	Improves resistance to drought stress	[42]
GhERF38	Transcription factor	Drought, abscisic acid, and salinity	[54]
GhERF2, GhERF3, GhERF6	Transcription factor	Drought, salt, ethylene, and abscisic acid	[55]
GhWRKY59	Transcription factor	Activates MAPK signaling gene under drought	[26]
GhWRKY25	Transcription factor	Drought and salinity	[56]
GhABF2 (bZIP)	Transcription factor	Enhances the activities of CAT and SOD, regulates gene expression related to ABA	[39]
GhNAC2	Transcription factor	Longer roots, and enhanced salt and drought tolerance	[57]
GhCBF3, GhAREB1, and GhAREB2	ABA-induced gene	Small stomatal aperture, enhanced drought- and high salinity-tolerance via the ABA signaling pathway	[58]
GhNAC7-GhNAC13	Transcription factor	Cold, abscisic acid, drought, and salinity	[59]
GbMYB5	Transcription factor	Reduced water loss trough stomatal conductance, and increased proline content and antioxidant enzymes	[27]
GhWRKY41	Transcription factor	Lower malondialdehyde content, higher antioxidant activity, and induced stomatal conductance	[41]
GhWRKY17	Transcription factor	Increases sensitivity to ABA and drought stress	[60]
GhNAC8-GhNAC17	Transcription factor	Drought, salinity, cold, and ABA	[61]
GhNAC1-GhNAC6	Transcription factor	Drought, cold, salinity, and ABA	[62]
GhDREB	Transcription factor	Drought, cold, and salinity	[63]
GhDREB1	Transcription factor	Drought, cold, and salinity	[64]
GhDBP2	Transcription factor	Drought, cold, and ABA	[65]
GhERF1	Transcription factor	ABA production and drought stress signaling regulation	[66]
GhERF4	Transcription factor	ABA production and drought stress signaling regulation	[67]
GhDREB1L	Transcription factor	Drought, cold, and salinity	[68]
GhPYL9–11A	ABA receptor gene	ABA receptor that mediates the response to drought stress	[69]
GhSnRK2	Involved in ABA signaling	Drought, salinity, cold, and ABA	[70]
GhCDPK35, GhCDPK28, GhCDPK16, GhCDPK14, GhCDPK11 and GhCDPK3	Ca2+-activated gene	Drought and salinity stress responsive	[7]
GhCIPK6	Ca2+-activated gene	Increased drought, salinity, and ABA stress tolerance	[30]
GhD12G207	CDK gene family	Increased concentration of antioxidant enzymes (POD, SOD, and CAT), cell membrane stability, and chlorophyll content under drought and salt stress	[71]
GaMYB62L	Transcription factor	Increased chlorophyll and proline contents, higher germination rate under drought salt stress	[72]
GhTPS11	Functional gene	Drought, heat, salinity, ABA, and gibberellin acid	[73]
GhAVP1	Functional gene	Drought and salinity tolerance	[74]