Table 1.
Clinicopathologic data of all patients included in the study.
| Category | Total | HC 1 | CP 2 | PDAC 3 UICC 4 II |
PDAC UICC III |
PDAC UICC IV |
p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n5 | 89 | 22 | 11 | 18 | 22 | 16 | |
| Age (years) | 0.831 | ||||||
| Median (range) | 66 (26–87) | 68 (43–87) | 62 (55–80) | 67 (53–82) | 70 (48–82) | 64 (26–78) | |
| <60 | 27 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 6 | |
| ≥60 | 62 | 17 | 8 | 13 | 14 | 10 | |
| Gender | 0.826 | ||||||
| Female | 36 | 11 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 6 | |
| Male | 53 | 11 | 6 | 12 | 14 | 10 | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 0.205 | ||||||
| Median (range) | 25.0 (19.0–47.6) |
27.0 (21.6–36) |
26.0 (19.8–44.3) |
24.0 (19.0–32.0) |
24.8 (19.0–33.0) |
24.0 (17.1–47.6) |
|
| <25 | 43 | 6 | 5 | 10 | 12 | 10 | |
| ≥25 | 46 | 16 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 6 | |
| Smoking | 0.916 | ||||||
| No | 58 | 15 | 7 | 10 | 15 | 11 | |
| Yes | 31 | 7 | 4 | 8 | 7 | 5 | |
| Alcohol | 0.226 | ||||||
| No | 80 | 22 | 9 | 15 | 19 | 15 | |
| Yes | 9 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | |
| Pre-surgical diabetes mellitus | 0.760 | ||||||
| No | 64 | 18 | 8 | 13 | 14 | 11 | |
| Yes | 25 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 5 | |
| Pre-surgical pancreatitis | <0.001 | ||||||
| No | 68 | 22 | 0 | 16 | 15 | 15 | |
| Yes | 21 | 0 | 11 | 2 | 7 | 1 | |
| Pre-surgical CA.19-9 6 (U/mL) | 0.007 | ||||||
| Median (range) | 142 (0.6–20640) |
7.7 (3.5–18.9) |
33.6 (10.0–218) |
81.5 (0.6–3136) |
238.2 (2.6–19160) |
530.5 (2.4–20640) |
|
| <30 | 21 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 3 | |
| ≥30 | 47 | 1 | 4 | 13 | 17 | 13 | |
| Pre-surgical CEA 7 (ng/mL) | 0.257 | ||||||
| Median (range) | 2.4 (0.2–54.8) |
1.2 (0.2–3.1) |
2.2 (0.2–4.5) |
2.4 (0.4–9.6) |
2.6 (0.2–54.8) |
3.5 (0.6–14.2) |
|
| <5 | 48 | 5 | 8 | 12 | 14 | 9 | |
| ≥5 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 7 | 4 | |
| Pre-surgical bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.096 | ||||||
| Median (range) | 0.7 (0.2–15.9) |
0.6 (0.2–1.6) |
0.5 (0.2–1.4) |
0.9 (0.2–5.5) |
0.9 (0.3–7.1) |
0.75 (0.3–15.9) |
|
| <1.2 | 63 | 19 | 9 | 10 | 14 | 11 | |
| ≥1.2 | 23 | 2 | 1 | 7 | 8 | 5 | |
Bold values indicate significance (p ≤ 0.05, Fisher’s exact test). 1 HC, healthy controls; 2 CP, chronic pancreatitis; 3 PDAC, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; 4 UICC, Union for International Cancer Control; 5 n, number of patients; 6 CA.19-9, carbohydrate antigen 19-9; 7 CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen.