Figure 4.

Visfatin-primed ADSCs promoted the tube formation of HUVEC. (A) HUVEC cells were co-cultured with visfatin-treated ADSCs or untreated ADSCs, noted as V50 and V100 or Ctrl, respectively, for three days. The HUVEC cells were collected from the co-culture and seeded in a matrix gel-coated 96-well plate. The tube formation of HUVEC was observed using a microscope. The length of branches was determined by using the ImageJ software. (B) After the three-day co-culture in the presence or absence of GDF15 neutralizing antibody (GDF15 Nab, 5 μg/mL), the HUVEC cells were collected from the co-culture for performing the tube formation assay. The experiments were performed in triplicate.