Figure 8.

Schematic outline representing neuronal adiponectin signaling pathway in the brain upon consumption of HFD. Chronic consumption of HFD along with several inciting factors (metabolic perturbation and adiponectin deficiency) in periphery leads to oxidative stress and AdipoR1 suppression along with its downstream signaling molecules (energy depletion; p-AMPK) in the brain. This leads to insulin resistance and increased APP processing (increased in BACE-1 and Aβ level). Abnormal accumulation of Aβ is accompanied by neuroinflammation and synaptic dysfunction that together leads to memory impairment and Alzheimer-like pathology in the mouse brain.