| Methods |
Randomized |
| Participants |
Adults (mean age: 79)
Nursing home residents
Hospitalized
Nursing home‐acquired lower respiratory tract infection (54 pneumonia, 6 acute bronchitis) |
| Interventions |
Atypical: IV ciprofloxacin 200 mg/400 mg* X 2/d, followed by PO ciprofloxacin 750 mg X 2/d
(* protocol changed from 200 mg to 400 mg on 4/1989, 5/24 P in new protocol)
Non‐atypical: IV ceftriaxone 2 G X 1/d, followed by IM ceftriaxone 1 G X 1/d |
| Outcomes |
Success = resolution or marked improvement in clinical signs and symptoms of lower RTI and completion of 14 d treatment course
Failure = all cause death, early termination due to lack of improvement, adverse event or superinfection
Indeterminate = withdrawal due to protocol specification or to other factors unrelated to study drug administration
Moderation = failure |
| Notes |
|
| Risk of bias |
| Bias |
Authors' judgement |
Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) |
Unclear risk |
Not described |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) |
Unclear risk |
Not described |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias)
Mortality |
Low risk |
All patients evaluated |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias)
Failure |
Low risk |
All patients evaluated |
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) |
Low risk |
Not identified |
| Other bias |
Unclear risk |
Sponsored |
| Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias)
All outcomes |
High risk |
None (unknown) |
| Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias)
All outcomes |
High risk |
None (unknown) |
