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. 2019 Dec 23;11(1):18. doi: 10.3390/genes11010018

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Vulpinic acid reduces hypertrophic adipocytes by promoting hyperplasia. (A) Oil-red-O staining of 3T3-L1 adipocytes incubated with vulpinic acid (10 or 40 μM) during adipogenesis. Scale bar = 200 μm (40X). (B) The mRNA levels of ATGL and MCAD genes in 3T3-L1 adipocytes incubated with vulpinic acid (10 or 40 μM) during adipogenesis. (C) The mRNA levels of IL6 and TNFα genes in 3T3-L1 adipocytes incubated with vulpinic acid (10 or 40 μM) during adipogenesis. Data represent means ± SEM for n = 3. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.