Figure 5.
Vulpinic acid reduces hypertrophic adipocytes by promoting hyperplasia. (A) Oil-red-O staining of 3T3-L1 adipocytes incubated with vulpinic acid (10 or 40 μM) during adipogenesis. Scale bar = 200 μm (40X). (B) The mRNA levels of ATGL and MCAD genes in 3T3-L1 adipocytes incubated with vulpinic acid (10 or 40 μM) during adipogenesis. (C) The mRNA levels of IL6 and TNFα genes in 3T3-L1 adipocytes incubated with vulpinic acid (10 or 40 μM) during adipogenesis. Data represent means ± SEM for n = 3. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.