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. 2019 Dec 30;375(1792):20190393. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0393

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© 2020 The Authors.

Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Figure 1. — Locomotor patterning in unicellular algae. Algae with 2, 4, 8 and 16 flagella are shown with representative swimming gaits. These are characterized by specific phase relationships between the flagella (0 to 2π for a complete beat cycle). (Different species exhibit different gaits and swimming behaviours even for an identical arrangement of flagella.) Animal models with an equivalent number of locomotor appendages are shown for comparison. These are respectively, a human swimmer, a horse, a jellyfish ephyra (juvenile jellyfish) and the predatory sunflower sea star Pycnopodia helianthoides which walks with 16–24 limbs. (Online version in colour.)