Table 1. Results of Effect of Temperature on Spermine-Catalyzed Glucose Isomerization in the Aqueous Phasea.
| temp (°C) | YFru (% wt) | YMan (% wt) | YPsi (% wt) | SFru (%) | convGlu (%) | carbon balance (%) | TOFF × 10–3 | TOFG × 10–3 | k × 10–3 (s–1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 40 | 3.9 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 14.3 | 27.12 | 74.23 | 0.67 | 4.8 | 0.05 |
| 60 | 7.9 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 17.7 | 44.64 | 60.89 | 1.37 | 5.4 | 0.30 |
| 80 | 24.6 | 3.0 | 2.0 | 67.7 | 36.28 | 90.28 | 4.24 | 6.5 | 0.50 |
| 100 | 29.7 | 5.0 | 4.1 | 73.8 | 40.27 | 95.48 | 5.13 | 7.1 | 0.70 |
| 120 | 28.6 | 4.8 | 3.8 | 63.0 | 42.90 | 91.24 | 6.17 | 7.6 | 1.60 |
a
Reaction conditions: 6% catalyst dose for 15 min. TOFG/TOFF—Turn over frequency is calculated as mole of converted glucose and fructose formed per mole of nitrogen atom contained in spermine per unit second. Carbon balance is derived based on the difference between moles of carbon in products (fructose and mannose) and unreacted glucose and to the mole of carbon in the initial glucose. Yx and Sx are the yield and selectivity data of the respective compounds.