| ATP | adenosine triphosphate |
| dsRNA | double-stranded RNA |
| G4 | G-quadruplex |
| H-strand | heavy-strand |
| IFN | interferon |
| ITH | heavy-strand transcription initiation site |
| ITL | light-strand transcription initiation site |
| L-strand | light-strand |
| lncRNA | long non-coding RNA |
| MDP | mitochondria-derived peptide |
| miRNA | microRNA |
| mitomiRs | mitochondrial microRNAs |
| mitosRNAs | mitochondrial genome-encoded small RNAs |
| mtDNA | mitochondrial DNA |
| mtRNA | mitochondrial RNA |
| NCR | non-coding regulatory region |
| ncRNA | non-coding RNA |
| PAMP | pathogen-associated molecular pattern |
| RBP | RNA-binding protein |
| sORF | small Open Reading Frame |
| sRNA | small RNA |