Table 1.
Description of the sample, (a) Testudinata and (b) Pseudouchia. TMM: Texas Memorial Museum (Austin USA); FMNH: Field Museum of Natural History (Chicago, USA); MCNA: Museo de Ciencias Naturales de Alava (Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain); YPM: Yale Peabody Museum (New Haven, USA); UPUAM: Unidad de Paleontología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (Spain); WU-SILS-RH: Waseda University (Tokyo, Japan); NSMT: National Museum for Nature and Science of Tokyo (Japan); ZIN PH: Zoological Institute (Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg); FPDM: Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum (Katsuyama City, Fukui Prefecture, Japan); UA: Université d'Antananarivo (Madagascar); SMNS: Smithsonian Institution; BSPG: Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, München, Germany; PEFO: Petrified Forest National Park, USA; ISI: Indian Statistical Institute (Calcutta, India); UCMP: University of California, Museum of Paleontology (Berkeley, USA); MNHN: Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle; IPB: Institute of Paleontology (Bonn, Germany); NMS: Naturmuseum Solothurn, Switzerland; MCL: Musée des confluences (Lyon, France); PVL: Colección de Paleovertebrados del Instituto Miguel Lillo (Tucumán, Argentina); n.a.: non-attributed.
| porosity | lifestyle | region | ornamentation | age | collection number | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (a) Testudinata | ||||||
| Hesperotestudo sp. | 0.07 | terrestrial | flat osteoderm | no | Pleistocene | TMM 30967-1010.1 |
| Hesperotestudo sp. | 0.21 | terrestrial | spiked osteoderm | no | Pleistocene | TMM 30967-1010.2 |
| Terrapene carolina tringuis | 0.40 | terrestrial | neural | no | extant | FMNH 211806 |
| Terrapene carolina tringuis | 0.22 | terrestrial | costal (right) | no | extant | FMNH 211806 |
| Dorkota vasconica | 0.21 | freshwater | costal | no | Barremian | MCNA 14366 |
| Dorkota vasconica | 0.24 | freshwater | neural | no | Barremian | MCNA 14372 |
| Podocnemis erythrocephala | 0.15 | freshwater | sample costal | no | extant | YPM 11853 |
| Solemys sp. | 0.07 | terrestrial | costal fragment | yes | Maastrichtyian | UPUAM-14001 |
| Solemys vermiculata | 0.14 | terrestrial | costal fragment | yes | Maastrichtyian | MCNA 15047 |
| Solemys vermiculata | 0.16 | terrestrial | shell fragment | yes | Maastrichtyian | MCNA 15046 |
| Carettochelys insculpta | 0.10 | freshwater | costal (right 7th) | yes | extant | WU-SILS RH1044 |
| Pelodiscus sinensis | 0.11 | freshwater | costal | yes | extant | NSMT-H 6600 |
| Trionychidae indet. | 0.11 | freshwater | costal | yes | Aptian-Albian | ZIN PH 102 |
| Trionychidae indet. | 0.10 | freshwater | costal | yes | early Cenomanian | ZIN PH 122 |
| Trionychidae indet. | 0.09 | freshwater | costal | yes | Barremian–Aptian | FPDM V0127 |
| Bothremys barberi | 0.31 | marine | costal | no | Campanian | FM P27406 (FMNH) |
| Bothremys barberi | 0.32 | marine | costal | no | Campanian | FM P27406 (FMNH) |
| Bothremys barberi | 0.30 | marine | neural | no | Campanian | FM P27406 (FMNH) |
| Caretta caretta | 0.39 | marine | costal | no | extant | FMNH 98963 |
| Caretta caretta | 0.33 | marine | hyoplastron | no | extant | FMNH 98963 |
| Archelon ischyros | 0.26 | marine | shell fragment | no | Late Cretaceous | YPM 1783 |
| Plesiochelys sp. | 0.18 | marine | neural | no | Kimmeridgian | NMS 8730 |
| Taphrosphys sulcatus | 0.34 | marine | costal | no | Maastrichtian | YPM 40288 |
| Taphrosphys sulcatus | 0.35 | marine | neural | no | Maastrichtian | YPM 40288 |
| Ctenochelys stenoporus | 0.36 | marine | neural | no | Campanian | FM PR 442 |
| Geochelone elegans | 0.14 | terrestrial | costal | no | extant | IPB 561-C |
| Geochelone elegans | 0.10 | terrestrial | costal | no | extant | IPB 561-C |
| Geochelone elegans | 0.07 | terrestrial | neural | no | extant | IPB 561-C |
| Hesperotestudo crassiscuta | 0.19 | terrestrial | neural | no | Pleistocene | ROM 5540 |
| Hesperotestudo crassiscuta | 0.30 | terrestrial | plaston fragment | no | Pleistocene | ROM 5541 |
| Hesperotestudo crassiscuta | 0.28 | terrestrial | shell fragment | no | Pleistocene | ROM 5542 |
| (b) Pseudosuchia | ||||||
| Araripesuchus tsangatsangana | 0.05 | terrestrial | n.a. | yes | Late Cretaceous | UA 9966 |
| Batrachotomus kupferzellensis | 0.01 | terrestrial | paramedian pre-caudal | yes | Late Ladinian | SMNS 80317 |
| Prestosuchus chiniquensis | 0.05 | terrestrial | sacral paramedian | yes | Late Ladinian/Early Carnian | BSPG ASXXV7 |
| ‘Prestosuchus’ loricatus | 0.04 | terrestrial | pre-caudal paramedian | yes | Late Ladinian/Early Carnian | BSPG ASXXV46d |
| Rauisuchus tiradentes | 0.16 | terrestrial | pre-caudal paramedian | yes | Late Carnian/Early Norian | BSPG ASXXV121b |
| Revueltosaurus sp. | 0.04 | terrestrial | paramedian | yes | Norian | PEFO 33787 |
| Tikisuchus romeri | 0.14 | terrestrial | pre-caudal paramedian | yes | Carnian | ISI R 305/ 1 |
| Simosuchus clarki | 0.1 | terrestrial | n.a. | no | Late Cretaceous | UA 9965 |
| Simosuchus clarki | 0.07 | terrestrial | n.a. | no | Late Cretaceous | UA 9965 |
| Yarasuchus deccanensis (Avemetatarsalia) | 0.10 | terrestrial | pre-caudal paramedian | yes | Anisian | ISI R 334 |
| Alligator mississippiensis | 0.15 | semi-aquatic | n.a. | yes | extant | SMNS 10481b |
| Allognathosuchus wartheni | 0.13 | semi-aquatic | n.a. | yes | Wasatchian | UCMP 113731 |
| Crocodylus niloticus | 0.13 | semi-aquatic | dorsal | yes | extant | MNHN-AC- 1920.90, PC |
| Diplocynodon sp. | 0.23 | semi-aquatic | n.a. | yes | Eocene–Miocene | IPB R144 ⁄ 1 |
| Diplocynodon remensis | 0.24 | semi-aquatic | nuchal | yes | Thanetian | MNHN. F. No number |
| Machimosaurus hugii | 0.22 | semi-aquatic | n.a. | yes | Late Jurassic | SMNS 81608 |
| Sarcosuchus imperator | 0.24 | semi-aquatic | n.a. | yes | Upper Cretaceous | MNHN.F. GDF 380 |
| Steneosaurus sp. | 0.07 | semi-aquatic | n.a. | yes | Late Jurassic | NMS 752 |
| Steneosaurus jugleri | 0.12 | semi-aquatic | n.a. | yes | Late Jurassic | NMS 7152 |
| Paleosuchus trigonatus | 0.29 | semi-aquatic | n.a. | yes | extant | MCL 420003939 |
| Protocaiman peligrensis | 0.13 | semi-aquatic | n.a. | yes | Danian | UCMP 131693 |
| Teleosaurus cadomensis | 0.22 | semi-aquatic | n.a. | yes | Bathonian | MNHN Histo 1960 |
| Goniopholis sp. | 0.2 | semi-aquatic | n.a. | yes | Oxfordian-Berriasian | MNHN Histo 1727 |
| Borealosuchus sp. | 0.17 | semi-aquatic | n.a | yes | Campanian-Ypresian | UCMP 133903 |
| Mahajangasuchus insignis | 0.17 | semi-aquatic | n.a. | yes | Campanian | UA 9962 |
| Brachychampsa montana | 0.22 | semi-aquatic | n.a. | yes | Maastrichtian | UCMP 133901 |
| Osteolaemus tetraspis | 0.12 | semi-aquatic | n.a. | yes | extant | MNHN-AC-1991.4488 |
| Paleosuchus palpebrosus | 0.11 | semi-aquatic | n.a. | yes | extant | MNHN.AC-1909.204 |
| Caiman crocodilus | 0.27 | semi-aquatic | nuchal | yes | extant | Sorbonne Université - NA |
| Borealosuchus wilsoni | 0.18 | semi-aquatic | n.a. | yes | Ypresian | UCMP 131696 |
| Paratypothorax sp. | 0.25 | terrestrial | paramedian | yes | Late Triassic | PEFO 5030 |
| Aetosaurus scagliai | 0.05 | terrestrial | paramedian | yes | Late Triassic | PVL 2073 |