Table 3.
Comparison of clinical and laboratory findings according to respiratory pathogens in children hospitalized due to community-acquired pneumonia
| Variables | only MP1 (n = 7455) |
MP coinfected with virus2 (n = 1728) |
Adenovirus3 (n = 680) |
Influenza virus4 (n = 1491) |
Metapneumovirus5 (n = 1287) |
RSV6 (n = 4521) |
P value | Post hoc testa |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (month), mean ± SD | 66.7 ± 39.7 | 53.3 ± 37.3 | 34.1 ± 28.0 | 54.4 ± 46.0 | 28.1 ± 28.2 | 15.9 ± 21.0 | < 0.0001 | 1 > 4 = 2 > 3 > 5 > 6 |
| Sex (male), No. (%) | 3680 (49.4) | 862 (49.9) | 389 (57.2) | 828 (55.5) | 692 (53.8) | 2551 (56.4) | < 0.0001 | 2 > 3 = 6 = 4 = 5 > 1 |
| Duration of Hospitalization (hrs), mean ± SD | 159.9 ± 227.4 | 174.2 ± 339.8 | 181.4 ± 250.4 | 136.3 ± 161.2 | 148.6 ± 166.0 | 162.2 ± 238.6 | < 0.0001 | 3 = 2 = 6 = 1 ≥ 5 ≥ 4 |
| Administration of steroid, No. (%) | 1645 (22.1) | 454 (26.3) | 75 (11.0) | 117 (7.9) | 170 (13.2) | 622 (13.8) | < 0.0001 | 2 > 1 > 6 = 5 = 3 > 4 |
| Oxygen supplementation, No. (%) | 299 (4.0) | 109 (6.3) | 67 (9.9) | 82 (5.5) | 147 (11.4) | 905 (20.0) | < 0.0001 | 6 > 5 > 3 > 2 = 4 = 1 |
| Ventilator care, No. (%) | 12 (0.2) | 4 (0.2) | 8 (1.2) | 14 (0.9) | 12 (0.9) | 51 (1.1) | < 0.0001 | 3 = 6 > 4 = 5 = 2 = 1 |
| ICU care, No. (%) | 27 (0.4) | 11 (0.6) | 13 (1.9) | 23 (1.5) | 17 (1.3) | 119 (2.6) | < 0.0001 | 6 ≥ 3 = 4 = 5 = 2 > 1 |
| WBC (× 103/μL), median ± IQR | 8275 ± 4700 | 8870 ± 5560 | 11,810 ± 7155 | 7510 ± 4760 | 8700 ± 5142.5 | 9660 ± 4857.5 | < 0.0001 | 3 > 2 > 4 > 6 > 1 = 5 |
| Neutrophil (%), median ± IQR | 60.1 ± 21.8 | 57.6 ± 26.2 | 56.2 ± 25.8 | 57.5 ± 32.2 | 42.3 ± 29.6 | 35 ± 28.4 | < 0.0001 | 1 > 2 = 3 = 4 > 5 > 6 |
| Lymphocyte (%), median ± IQR | 28.5 ± 18.8 | 31 ± 22.8 | 33 ± 25 | 29.7 ± 28 | 46 ± 27.2 | 51.8 ± 26.5 | < 0.0001 | 6 > 5 > 2 = 3 = 4 > 1 |
| Eosinophil (%), median ± IQR | 1.6 ± 3.3 | 1.1 ± 2.5 | 0.4 ± 1.4 | 0.4 ± 1 | 0.5 ± 1.2 | 1 ± 2 | < 0.0001 | 1 > 2 > 6 > 3 = 4 = 5 |
| Hb, median ± IQR | 12.4 ± 1.2 | 12.3 ± 1.2 | 11.8 ± 1.2 | 12.3 ± 1.5 | 12 ± 1.3 | 11.9 ± 1.7 | < 0.0001 | 1 ≥ 2 = 4 > 5 ≥ 6 ≥ 3 |
| Platelet (×103/μL), median ± IQR | 293.0 ± 140.0 | 284.0 ± 126.0 | 297.0 ± 144.8 | 232.0 ± 102.0 | 260.0 ± 132.0 | 328.0 ± 166.0 | < 0.0001 | 6 > 1 ≥ 3 ≥ 2 > 5 > 4 |
| AST, U/L, median ± IQR | 29.0 ± 9.0 | 30.0 ± 9.0 | 31.0 ± 8.0 | 31.0 ± 9.0 | 34.0 ± 8.0 | 33.0 ± 8.0 | < 0.0001 | 5 ≥ 6 > 3 = 4 = 2 > 1 |
| ALT, U/L, median ± IQR | 14.0 ± 7.0 | 14.0 ± 7.0 | 14.0 ± 8.0 | 15.0 ± 9.0 | 16.0 ± 9.0 | 18.0 ± 10.0 | < 0.0001 | 6 > 5 = 4 > 3 = 2 = 1 |
| LDH, U/L, median ± IQR | 479.0 ± 294.5 | 475.0 ± 348.5 | 516.5 ± 326.8 | 467.0 ± 292.5 | 549.0 ± 311.0 | 540 ± 300 | < 0.0001 | 6 > 5 = 3 = 2 = 1 > 4 |
| CRP, mg/dL, median ± IQR | 2.2 ± 4.8 | 1.6 ± 3.8 | 2.7 ± 4.9 | 1.0 ± 2.6 | 1.1 ± 2.8 | 0.6 ± 1.8 | < 0.0001 | 1 ≥ 3 ≥ 2 > 5 = 4 > 6 |
| ESR, mm/hr., median ± IQR | 31.0 ± 30.0 | 30.0 ± 30.0 | 34.0 ± 35.0 | 14.0 ± 19.2 | 20 ± 23 | 15.0 ± 22.0 | < 0.0001 | 3 > 1 = 2 > 5 > 6 > 4 |
ALT alanine aminotransferase, AST aspartate aminotransferase, CRP C-reactive protein, ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate, Hb hemoglobin, ICU intensive care unit, LDH lactate dehydrogenase, MP Mycoplasma pneumoniae, NA not applicable, RSV respiratory syncytial virus, SD standard deviation, WBC white blood cell count
aGroup 1, MP pneumonia; group 2, MP co-infected with virus; group 3, adenovirus; group 4, influenza virus; group 5, Metapneumovirus; group 6, RSV; The inequality or equal signs mean the rank order of post hoc analyses
bPost hoc analyses were used to examine if the characteristics of MP pneumonia groups were statistically significant with chi-squared test. For the continuous variables, one-way ANOVA tests were conducted to compare groups, followed by Mann-Whitney U test