Clark 1975.

Methods	Allocation: random ‐ pre‐randomised list, blocks of 3, provided by drug company. Blinding: double ‐ identical capsules. Duration: 4 weeks. Setting: single centre.
Participants	Diagnosis: schizophrenia, confirmed by research psychiatrists. N=42. Age: range 21‐57 years. Sex: 21 M, 16 F, 6 unreported. History: ill > 2 years, healthy, not able to bear children.
Interventions	1. Loxapine: dose 100mg/day, mean 71mg/day. N=15. 2. Trifluoperazine: dose 50 mg/day, mean 36 mg/day. N=14. 3. Placebo. N=13. Short acting sedatives and antiparkinsonian medication as required.
Outcomes	Global effect (CGI‐I, CGI‐S, use of additional sedation). Adverse effects. Leaving the study early. Laboratory tests. Physiological measures (ECG, weight). Unable to use ‐ Efficacy: (analysis of covariance ‐ no usable data). Mental state: BPRS (no SD). Behaviour: NOSIE (no usable data). Physiological measures: BP, pulse (no data).
Notes	6 people removed from analysis but original group of allocation reported so ITT analysis possible.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	A ‐ Adequate