Tuason 1986.

Methods	Allocation: randomised ‐ no further details. Blinding: "modified double" ‐ staff administering drugs not blinded, assessments blind. Duration: 24‐72 hours (IM phase) ‐ oral phase data not included. Setting: single centre.
Participants	Diagnosis: schizophrenia, acutely psychotic (DSM‐III used beyond 3 days). N=54. Age: mean ˜35 years (SD ˜ 10), range 18‐65 years. Sex: 33 M, 19 F, 2 not reported. History: newly admitted. Inclusion criteria: > 7 on BPRS hostility & uncooperativeness, behaviour = hostile/aggressive/uncooperative/unmanageable. Exclusion: ill health, co‐existing mental illness condition.
Interventions	1. Loxapine: dose 25 mg IM, then 12.5‐25 mg/hour IM, max. 250 mg/day. N=25. 2. Haloperidol: dose 5mg IM, then 2.5‐5mg/hour IM, max. 100 mg/day. N=29. Antiparkinsonian drugs and chlorayl hydrate as required.
Outcomes	General effect (requiring extended period of medication > 24 hours). Mental state: BPRS.* Side effects (sedation ‐ ESBE, use of antiparkinsonian drugs). Dropped from analysis. Leaving the study early. Unable to use ‐ Global effect: CGI (no data).
Notes	2 people withdrawn from analysis ‐ original group unclear. * BPRS scores reported with SD. Data thought not to be SD but standard error and reviewers have converted to SD.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	B ‐ Unclear