Table 1. Characteristics of included studies.
| Study | Age | Sample size/AR cases | Study type | Measurement-AR | Measurement-sleep outcome | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Roxbury et al., 2018 | 45.6 (44.0–47.11) | 5556/1797 | Cross-sectional | Self-reported | Self-reported | Sleep duration, SDB, snoring, OSA, insomnia, restless sleep, use of sleeping pills, daytime dysfunction |
| Loekmanwidjaja et al., 2018 | 4–10 | 167/112 | Case-controlled | Medical records | Self-reported | Sleep duration, daytime sleepiness |
| Lai et al., 2018 | <18 | 655529/327928 | Cohort | Medical records | Medical records | OSA, nocturnal enuresis |
| Filiz et al., 2018 | 8–18 | 287/143 | Cross-sectional | Medical records, clinical examination, and skin prick test | Face-to-face interview | Sleep duration, restless sleep, PSQI outcomes, daytime dysfunction |
| Zhou et al., 2017 | 47±0.2 | 240000000/19100000 | Cross-sectional | Self-reported | Self-reported | Sleep duration |
| Zheng et al., 2017 | 18–70 | 171/65 | Cross-sectional | Medical records, clinical examination, and skin prick test | PSG | Sleep duration, OSA, PSG outcomes |
| Tsai et al., 2017 | 5–18 | 8516/4191 | Case-controlled | Medical records, clinical examination | Medical records | Nocturnal enuresis |
| Nguyen-Hoang et al., 2017 | 9.5±2.1 | 85/52 | Case-controlled | Clinical examination | Medical records | OSA |
| Kim et al., 2017 | 68.3±5.6 | 348/57 | Cross-sectional | Self-reported | PSG | SDB, PSG outcomes, PSQI outcomes |
| Hui et al., 2017 | 49.61±16.27 | 1028/- | Cross-sectional | Medical records | Medical records | OSA |
| Di et al., 2016 | 3–14 | 135/57 | Case-controlled | Medical records, clinical examination, and skin prick test | PSG | PSG outcomes |
| Trikojat et al., 2015 | 18–45 | 83/41 | Case-controlled | Medical records, clinical examination, and skin prick test | Self-reported | Sleep duration, PSQI outcomes, daytime dysfunction |
| Poachanukoon et al., 2015 | 10.6±2.5 | 175/65 | Case-controlled | Medical records, clinical examination, and skin prick test | Self-reported | Sleep duration, difficult waking up, snoring, morning headache, mouth breathing, night sweating, nocturnal enuresis, OSA daytime sleepiness, restless sleep, SDB, sleep bruxism |
| Ng et al., 2014 | 15.3±1.7 | 175/65 | Cohort | Self-reported | Self-reported | Snoring |
| Cai et al., 2013 | - | 1993/123 | Cross-sectional | Medical records | Self-reported | OSA |
| Zhang et al., 2012 | 46.3±5.1 | 2291/211 | Cohort | Self-reported | Self-reported | Restless sleep |
| So et al., 2012 | 9.2 (7.7–10.7) | 6381/2661 | Cross-sectional | Self-reported | Self-reported | Night sweating |
| Park et al., 2012 | 20–68 | 112/37 | Case-controlled | Clinical examination and skin prick test | PSG and self-reported | Sleep duration, AHI, PSG outcomes, ESS |
| Meng et al., 2011 | 18–60 | 128/98 | Case-controlled | Self-reported | PSG | PSG outcomes |
| Li et al., 2010 | 5–14 | 6369/2823 | Cross-sectional | Self-reported | Self-reported | Snoring |
| Rimmer et al., 2009 | >18 | 20/10 | Case-controlled | Self-reported | Actigraphy | Sleep duration |
| Hiraki et al., 2008 | 39.4±9.6 | 852/112 | Cross-sectional | Self-reported | Self-reported | Daytime sleepiness, snoring, ESS |
| Dixon et al., 2006 | ≥15 | 1969/1133 | Cohort | Self-reported | Self-reported | ESS, PSQI outcomes |
| Sogut et al., 2005 | 8.1±1.9 | 992/332 | Case-controlled | Self-reported | Self-reported | Snoring |
| Ng et al., 2005 | 6–12 | 3047/1242 | Cross-sectional | Self-reported | Self-reported | Daytime sleepiness, OSA |
| Chng et al., 2004 | 4–7 | 9362/674 | Cross-sectional | Self-reported | Self-reported | Snoring |
| Anuntaseree et al., 2001 | 7.25±0.58 | 255/14 | Cross-sectional | Self-reported | Self-reported | Snoring |
AR: allergic rhinitis; ESS: Epworth Sleepiness Scale; HS: habitual snoring; NAR: non-allergic rhinitis; OSA: obstructive sleep apnea; PSG: polysomnography; PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; REM: rapid eye movement; SDB: sleep-disordered breathing.