Table 1. Socio-demographic of respondents (n = 15,351).
| Variables | Region | All | P | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sumatera | Java-Bali | Nusa Tenggara | Kalimantan | Sulawesi | Maluku Islands | Papua | |||
| ANC | < 0.001*** | ||||||||
| • <4 (ref.) | 606 (15.07%) | 261 (5.36%) | 120 (9.30%) | 154 (10.82%) | 310 (13.53%) | 248 (24.17%) | 121 (27.94%) | 1820 (11.86%) | |
| • ≥4 | 3416 (84.93%) | 4605 (94.64%) | 1170 (90.70%) | 1269 (89.18%) | 1981 (86.47%) | 778 (75.83%) | 312 (72.06%) | 13531 (88.14%) | |
| Place of Residence | < 0.001*** | ||||||||
| • Urban | 1807 (44.93%) | 3312 (68.06%) | 384 (29.77%) | 738 (51.86%) | 841 (36.71%) | 380 (37.04%) | 106 (24.48%) | 7568 (49.30%) | |
| • Rural (ref.) | 2215 (55.07%) | 1554 (31.94%) | 906 (70.23%) | 685 (48.14%) | 1450 (63.29%) | 646 (62.96%) | 327 (75.52%) | 7783 (50.70%) | |
| Age group of respondents | < 0.001*** | ||||||||
| • 15–19 | 96 (2.39%) | 102 (2.10%) | 32 (2.48%) | 46 (3.23%) | 75 (3.27%) | 51 (4.97%) | 14 (3.23%) | 416 (2.71%) | |
| • 20–24 | 544 (13.53%) | 791 (16.26%) | 199 (15.43%) | 231 (16.23%) | 420 (18.33%) | 154 (15.01%) | 75 (17.32%) | 2414 (15.73%) | |
| • 25–29 | 1005 (24.99%) | 1222 (25.11%) | 317 (24.57%) | 390 (27.41%) | 555 (24.23%) | 239 (23.29%) | 119 (27.48%) | 3847 (25.06%) | |
| • 30–34 | 1146 (28.49%) | 1226 (25.20%) | 328 (25.43%) | 366 (25.72%) | 534 (23.31%) | 260 (25.34%) | 103 (23.79%) | 3963 (25.82%) | |
| • 35–39 | 829 (20.61%) | 1021 (20.98%) | 254 (19.69%) | 241 (16.94%) | 429 (18.73%) | 199 (19.40%) | 83 (19.17%) | 3056 (19.91%) | |
| • 40–44 | 340 (8.45%) | 419 (8.61%) | 127 (9.84%) | 115 (8.08%) | 233 (10.17%) | 93 (9.06%) | 30 (6.93%) | 1357 (8.84%) | |
| • 45–49 (ref.) | 62 (1.54%) | 85 (1.75%) | 33 (2.56%)2 | 34 (2.39%) | 45 (1.96%) | 30 (2.93%) | 9 (2.08%) | 298 (1.94%) | |
| Have a husband/partner | < 0.001*** | ||||||||
| • No (ref.) | 126 (3.13%) | 135 (2.77%) | 74 (5.74%) | 44 (3.09%) | 71 (3.10%) | 33 (3.22%) | 25 (5.77%) | 508 (3.31%) | |
| • Yes | 3896 (96.87%) | 4731 (97.23%) | 1216 (94.26%) | 1379 (96.91%) | 2220 (96.90%) | 993 (96.78%) | 408 (94.23%) | 14843 (96.69%) | |
| Education Level | < 0.001*** | ||||||||
| • No education (ref.) | 38 (0.94%) | 21 (0.43%) | 56 (4.34%) | 14 (0.98%) | 36 (1.57%) | 8 (0.78%) | 31 (7.16%) | 204 (1.33%) | |
| • Primary | 888 (2.08%) | 1185 (24.35%) | 439 (34.03%) | 404 (28.39%) | 630 (27.50%) | 224 (21.83%) | 89 (20.55%) | 3859 (24.14%) | |
| • Secondary | 2297 (57.11%) | 2979 (61.22%) | 594 (46.05%) | 795 (55.87%) | 1156 (50.46%) | 578 (56.34%) | 229 (52.89%) | 8628 (56.20%) | |
| • Higher | 799 (19.87%) | 681 (14.00%) | 201 (15.58%) | 210 (14.76%) | 469 (20.47%) | 216 (21.05%) | 84 (19.40%) | 2660 (17.33%) | |
| Parity | < 0.001*** | ||||||||
| • < 2 | 1161 (28.87%) | 1758 (36.13%) | 370 (28.68%) | 401 (28.18%) | 694 (30.29%) | 267 (26.02%) | 104 (24.02%) | 4755 (30.98%) | |
| • 2–4 | 2572 (63.95%) | 2949 (60.60%) | 757 (58.68%) | 936 (65.78%) | 1362 (59.45%) | 588 (57.31%) | 243 (56.12%) | 9407 (61.28%) | |
| • > 4 (ref.) | 289 (7.19%) | 159 (3.27%) | 163 (12.64%) | 86 (6.04%) | 235 (10.26%) | 171 (16.67%) | 86 (19.86%) | 1189 (7.75%) | |
| Wealth status | < 0.001*** | ||||||||
| • Poorest (ref.) | 871 (21.66%) | 474 (9.74%) | 783 (60.70%) | 285 (20.03%) | 858 (37.45%) | 576 (56.14%) | 226 (52.19%) | 4073 (25.53%) | |
| • Poorer | 876 (21.78%) | 805 (16.54%) | 244 (18.91%) | 317 (22.28%) | 517 (22.57%) | 193 (18.81%) | 79 (18.24%) | 3031 (19.74%) | |
| • Midle | 857 (21.31%) | 1050 (21.58%) | 118 (9.15%) | 342 (24.03%) | 351 (15.32%) | 117(11.40%) | 55 (12.70%) | 2890 (18.83%) | |
| • Richer | 752 (18.70%) | 1259 (25.87%) | 77 (5.97%) | 254 (17.85%) | 272 (11.87%) | 103 (10.04%) | 43 (9.93%) | 2760 (17.98%) | |
| • Richest | 666 (16.56%) | 1278 (26.26%) | 68 (5.27%) | 225 (15.81%) | 293 (12.79%) | 37 (3.61%) | 30 (6.93%) | 2597 (16.92%) | |
| Covered by health insurance | < 0.001*** | ||||||||
| • No (ref.) | 1455 (36.18%) | 1961 (40.30%) | 499 (38.68%) | 630 (44.27%) | 712 (31.08%) | 482 (46.98%) | 100 (23.09%) | 5839 (38.04%) | |
| • Yes | 2567 (63.82%) | 2905 (59.70%) | 791 (61.32%) | 793 (55.73%) | 1579 (68.92%) | 544 (53.02%) | 333 (76.91%) | 9512 (61.96%) | |
* p < 0.05;
** p < 0.01;
*** p < 0.001.