Table 1. Demographic characteristics of the groups of participants involved in the study.
Age-matched comparison | ||||||
Younger cohort | Older cohort | |||||
English | Italian | Diff E-I | English* | Italian | Diff E-I | |
Grade | 3rd | 2nd | 5th | 4th | ||
N | 58 | 58 | 70 | 86 | ||
Gender | 30M/28F | 29M/29F | .85 | 32M/38F | 40M/46F | .92 |
Age | 7.9 | 7.3 | < .001 | 10 | 9.6 | < .001 |
Raven: raw accuracy (and z score according to normative data) | 29.1 (z = .73) | 22.8 (z = .43) | < .001 .06 | 31.4 (z = -.28) | 29.3 (z = -.01) | < .001 .12 |
Grade matched comparison | ||||||
English | Italian | Diff E-I | ||||
Grade | 5th | 5th | ||||
N | 19 | 19 | ||||
Gender | 10M/9F | 9M/10F | .75 | |||
Age | 10.3 | 10.4 | .07 | |||
Raven: raw accuracy (and z score according to normative data) | 31.4 (z = -.30) | 31.0 (z = -.03) | .15 .37 |