Table 4. Operative characteristics, primary and secondary outcomes.

	Total (n=208)				ACC group (n=102)						BH group (n=106)					95% CI
	n	%	Mean±SD		n		%		Mean±SD		n	%		Mean±SD		Median		p
Aortic cross-clamp time (min)			86.5±22.8						97.8±21.6					75.2±18.1		1.22-1.39		0.0001
Cardiopulmonary bypass time (min)			120.8±18.4						140.7±17.3					101.6±15.7		1.33-1.44		0.0001
Selected annuloplasty ring size			31.6±1.6						31.5±1.6					31.6±1.6		0.98-1.01		0.65
Prolonged inotropic dependency*	135	65			78		76				57	54						0.0008
Re-exploration for bleeding	10	5			4		4				6	6						0.74
Postoperative RBBB	16	8			9		9				7	7						0.60
Postoperative LBBB	19	9			14		14				5	5						0.03
Need for temporary pacemaker	36	17			20		20				16	15						0.46
Duration of mechanical  ventilation (h)			10.6±4.8						10.4±4.7					10.8±4.8		0.85-1.09		0.57
Postoperative length of ICU  stay (days)			2.4±1.99						2.42±2.01					2.37±1.97		0.81-1.28		0.85
Postoperative length of hospital stay (days)			8.31±2.53						8.35±2.62					8.27±2.41		0.92-1.09		0.81
In-hospital mortality	14	7			7		7				7	7						1.00
				Discharged patients
				n=194				n=95					n=99
				n		%		n		%			n		%		p
Permanent pacemaker requirement				15		8		12		13			3		3		0.0143
Indication for permanent pacemaker implantation High degree AV block Sinus node dysfunction				12 3		80 20		10 2		83 17			2 1		67 33		0.5165
>2+ TR (at discharge)				18		9		15		16			3		3		0.0023
>2+ TR (at first year)				30		15		22		23			8		8		0.0048
ACC: Aortic cross-clamping; BH: Beating heart; CI: Confidence interval; SD: Standard deviation; RBBB: Right bundle branch block; LBBB: Right bundle branch block; ICU: Intensive care unit; TR: Tricuspid regurgitation; * Postoperative inotrope/vasopressor use including dobutamine (5 μg/kg/min), dopamine (>5 μg/kg/min), norepinephrine (>0.1 μg/kg/min), milrinone, epinephrine, phenylephrine, and vasopressin 24 hours after skin closure was defined as prolonged inotropic dependency.