Table 3.

Risk-of-Bias Table

Citation	Selection Bias		Blinding of Participants and Personnel (Performance Bias)	Blinding of Outcome Assessment (Detection Bias)		Incomplete Outcome Data (Attrition Bias)	Selective Reporting (Reporting Bias)
	Random Sequence Generation	Allocation Concealment		Patient-Reported Outcomes	Objective Outcomes
Aimola et al. (2014)	+	+	?	?	?	+	+
Burggraaff et al. (2012)	+	+	–	NA	+	+	+
Chung (2011)	–	–	–	NA	–	+	+
de Haan et al. (2015)	+	+	?	+	+	+	+
Gill et al. (2013)	–	–	–	–	–	+	+
Hayes et al. (2012)	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Jacquin-Courtois et al. (2013)	–	–	–	NA	–	?	+
Kaldenberg & Smallfield (2017)	–	–	–	–	–	+	+
Keller & Lefin-Rank (2010)	+	–	?	+	?	?	+
Mödden et al. (2012)	+	–	+	NA	–	+	+
Moisseiev & Manis (2016)	–	–	–	–	–	+	+
Palmer et al. (2010)	–	–	–	NA	–	+	+
Rovner et al. (2013)	+	+	–	–	–	+	+
Schuett et al. (2012)	?	?	?	NA	?	?	+
Seiple et al. (2011)	?	?	?	?	?	?	+
Stelmack et al. (2012)	?	?	–	+	+	+	+

Note. Categories for risk of bias are as follows: + = low risk of bias; ? = unclear risk of bias; – = high risk of bias. NA = not applicable because of study design. Risk-of-bias table format adapted from “Assessing Risk of Bias in Included Studies,” by J. P. T. Higgins, D. G. Altman, and J. A. C. Sterne, in Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions (Version 5.1.0), by J. P. T. Higgins and S. Green (Eds.), 2011, London: Cochrane Collaboration. Retrieved from http://handbook-5-1.cochrane.org. Copyright © 2011 by The Cochrane Collaboration.

Suggested citation: Smallfield, S., & Kaldenberg, J. (2020). Occupational therapy interventions to improve reading performance of older adults with low vision: A systematic review (Table 3). American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 74, 7401185030. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2019.038380