Table 3.

Constructs From the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research

Construct	Subconstructs
Intervention characteristics	Intervention source; evidence quality and strength; relative advantage; adaptability; trialability; complexity; design quality and packaging; cost
Outer setting	Patient needs and resources; cosmopolitanism; peer pressure; external policy and incentives
Inner setting	Structural characteristics; networks and communication; culture; implementation climate; tension for change; compatibility; relative priority; organizational incentives and rewards; goals and feedback; learning climate; readiness for implementation; leadership engagement; available resources; access to knowledge and information
Individual characteristics	Knowledge and beliefs; self-efficacy; individual stage of change; individual identification with organization; other personal attribute (e.g., values, motivation)
Implementation process	Planning; engaging; opinion leaders; formally appointed internal implementation leaders; champions; external change agents; executing; reflecting and evaluating

Note. From “Fostering Implementation of Health Services Research Findings Into Practice: A Consolidated Framework for Advancing Implementation Science,” by L. J. Damschroder, D. C. Aron, R. E. Keith, S. R. Kirsh, J. A. Alexander, and J. C. Lowery, 2009. Implementation Science, 4, 50. Adapted from the original under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0). Retrieved from https://implementationscience.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1748-5908-4-50#rightslink