Experimental timeline and macronutrient contents of the diets. (a) High-carbohydrate (blue), high-fat/low-protein (green), or high-fat/high-protein (red) diets were introduced on day 3. An antibiotic cocktail (solid outline) and clindamycin (black-filled circles) were given on day 13 and day 16, respectively. Mice were challenged with C. difficile R2027 spores on day 17 (dashed outline). Circles with numbers indicate the days on which fecal samples were collected. Stool collection took place prior to manipulation of mice or experimental treatment. (b) A ternary plot depicting micronutrient contents (% Fat, % Protein, % Carbohydrate) of high-carbohydrate (blue), high-fat/low-protein (green), high-fat/high-protein (red), and standard laboratory (purple) diets.