Table 5.
Crude and adjusted relative risk estimates assessing the association between past 3-month drug use status and DBS HIV-1 RNA ≥1,500 copies/ml
| Specimen with DBS HIV-1 RNA ≥ 1,500 copies/ml a |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude Estimates | Adjusted Estimate | |||
| RR (95% CI) | p-value | ARR (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Drug use | ||||
| Non-drug users (Reference) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Other drug users b | 0.55 (0.31 – 0.98) | 0.041 | 0.52 (0.28 – 0.97) | 0.040 |
| Stimulant drug users b | 0.87 (0.52 – 1.47) | 0.602 | 0.78 (0.46 – 1.34) | 0.367 |
| Stimulant drug users vs. other drug users c | 1.58 (0.92 – 2.71) | 0.100 | 1.49 (0.88 – 2.52) | 0.134 |
| Age d | 1.01 (0.99 – 1.03) | 0.308 | 1.01 (0.99 – 1.03) | 0.382 |
| Race | ||||
| White (Reference) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Black | 1.37 (0.77 – 2.43) | 0.281 | 1.15 (0.64 – 2.06) | 0.639 |
| Hispanic | 0.99 (0.53 – 1.86) | 0.984 | 0.88 (0.46 – 1.66) | 0.684 |
| Employment | ||||
| Not working full time (Reference) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Working full time | 0.35 (0.21 – 0.56) | <0.001 | 0.45 (0.25 – 0.83) | 0.011 |
| Income | ||||
| < $20,000 (Reference) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| $20,000 - $59,999 | 0.71 (0.45 – 1.11) | 0.134 | 1.09 (0.65 – 1.82) | 0.746 |
| ≥ $60,000 | 0.18 (0.06 – 0.55) | 0.003 | 0.33 (0.10 – 1.10) | 0.071 |
Abbreviations: RR, risk ratio; CI, confidence interval; ARR, adjusted risk ratio.
a
Individuals with an undetectable DBS HIV-1 RNA result served as the reference group for the model outcome.
b
Reference category for categorical variable comparison is ‘Non-drug users’.
c
Reference category was changed from ‘Non-drug users’ to ‘Other drug users” in order to obtain RR and ARR estimates when comparing ‘Stimulant drug users’ to ‘Other drug users’.
d
Age modeled as a continuous variable in all crude and adjusted relative risk regression models.