Table 5.

Prevalence Ratios (PR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) of Dental Service Utilization for the Foreign-Born.

	Crude Model		Multivariate Model
Variables	PR [95% CI]	p Value	PR [95% CI]	p Value
Predisposing characteristics
Race/ethnicity (reference: White)
Hispanics	0.61 [0.57,0.65]	<.0001	0.78 [0.73, 0.84]	<.0001
Black	0.73 [0.66, 0.81]	<.0001	0.81 [0.73, 0.89]	<.0001
Other	0.86 [0.78, 0.94]	.0016	0.85 [0.78, 0.93]	.0003
Sex (reference: male)
Female	1.15 [1.08, 1.21]	<.0001	1.19 [1.13, 1.26]	<.0001
Age polynomials
Age	0.90 [0.73, 1.12]	.3509	0.93 [0.76, 1.14]	.4842
Age2	1.00 [1.00, 1.01]	.2911	1.00 [1.00, 1.00]	.3873
Age3	1.00 [1.00, 1.00]	.2357	1.00 [1.00, 1.00]	.3126
Married/partnered (reference: yes)
No	0.93 [0.89, 0.98]	.0113	1.01 [0.96, 1.07]	.6952
Smoking status (reference: never smoked)
Past smoker	0.82 [0.75, 0.90]	<.0001	0.87 [0.80, 0.95]	.0012
Current smoker	0.96 [0.90, 1.01]	.1349	0.98 [0.93, 1.03]	.3531
Enabling resources
Health insurance (reference: no)
Yes	1.33 [1.27, 1.38]	<.0001	1.16 [1.12, 1.21]	<.0001
Education (reference: ≤high school)
≥College	1.52 [1.44, 1.61]	<.0001	1.18 [1.11, 1.25]	<.0001
Household income (reference: 0–25 K)
25–50 K	1.20 [1.14, 1.25]	<.0001	1.12 [1.06, 1.17]	<.0001
50–75 K	1.41 [1.33, 1.49]	<.0001	1.24 [1.17, 1.32]	<.0001
75–150 K	1.55 [1.46, 1.64]	<.0001	1.29 [1.21, 1.37]	<.0001
150 K+	1.68 [1.57, 1.81]	<.0001	1.33 [1.23, 1.44]	<.0001
Need factors
Follow-up edentulism (reference: yes)
No	1.54 [1.34, 1.77]	<.0001	1.31 [1.16, 1.47]	<.0001
Self-rated health	1.12 [1.10, 1.14]	<.0001	1.06 [1.04, 1.08]	<.0001
# of chronic conditions	0.96 [0.94, 0.98]	<.0001	1.01 [0.98, 1.02]	.7729
Instrumental activities of daily living	0.94 [0.92, 0.96]	<.0001	0.98 [0.95, 1.01]	.1686
Activities of daily living	0.94 [0.92, 0.96]	<.0001	1.00 [0.97, 1.02]	.8715

Note. (N = 2,827). PRs and 95 CIs were estimated from Poisson generalized linear mixed-effects models. Both crude and adjusted PRs were presented.