Table 3.
Multivariable regression model of provisions associated with incident sexual risk exposure
| Outcome measure: incident high-risk sex | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds ratio (OR) | p-value | 95% CI | OR | p-value | 95% CI | OR | p-value | 95% CI | |
| Age | 1.43 | < 0.0001 | 1.33–1.54 | 1.42 | < 0.0001 | 1.32–1.52 | 1.42 | < 0.0001 | 1.32–1.52 |
| Gender—female | 1.01 | 0.994 | 0.77–1.33 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Rural residence | 0.82 | 0.222 | 0.60–1.13 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Informal housing (reference category: formal) | 1.04 | 0.835 | 0.73–1.49 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Province (reference category: Eastern Cape) | |||||||||
| Western Cape | 0.20 | < 0.0001 | 0.11–0.35 | 0.19 | <0.0001 | 0.13–0.27 | 0.17 | <0.0001 | 0.12–0.25 |
| Mpumalanga | 0.09 | < 0.0001 | 0.05–0.16 | 0.08 | <0.0001 | 0.05–0.12 | 0.07 | <0.0001 | 0.05–0.11 |
| Socio-economic status (reference category: household poverty) | 0.87 | 0.499 | 0.58–1.31 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Double orphanhood | 0.86 | 0.518 | 0.53–1.37 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| HIV status (positive) | 1.04 | 0.876 | 0.67–1.60 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Supportive factors or provisions | |||||||||
| Parental/caregiver support—strong parental supervisiona | |||||||||
| Intermittent access | 0.76 | 0.082 | 0.55–1.04 | 0.75 | 0.072 | 0.55–1.03 | 0.76 | 0.082 | 0.56–1.04 |
| Consistent access | 0.52 | 0.002 | 0.34–0.78 | 0.53 | 0.002 | 0.35–0.80 | 0.53 | 0.002 | 0.35–0.80 |
| Parental/caregiver support – Positive parenting | |||||||||
| Intermittent access | 0.78 | 0.155 | 0.56–1.10 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Consistent access | 0.99 | 0.958 | 0.66–1.48 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Abuse-free homes | |||||||||
| Intermittent access | 0.96 | 0.804 | 0.67–1.36 | 0.92 | 0.636 | 0.65–1.30 | 0.92 | 0.648 | 0.66–1.30 |
| Consistent access | 0.57 | 0.006 | 0.39–0.85 | 0.54 | 0.002 | 0.37–0.79 | 0.55 | 0.002 | 0.37–0.81 |
| School feeding scheme | |||||||||
| Intermittent access | 0.88 | 0.687 | 0.48–1.62 | 0.85 | 0.585 | 0.46–1.54 | 0.86 | 0.615 | 0.47–1.55 |
| Consistent access | 0.61 | 0.054 | 0.36–1.01 | 0.57 | 0.025 | 0.35–0.93 | 0.55 | 0.012 | 0.35–0.88 |
| Educational subsidies—affordable school materials | |||||||||
| Intermittent access | 1.52 | 0.03 | 1.04–2.22 | 1.34 | 0.059 | 0.99–1.82 | – | – | – |
| Consistent access | 1.15 | 0.654 | 0.62–2.14 | 1.02 | 0.942 | 0.63–1.64 | – | – | – |
| Educational subsidies – Fee-free school or affordable fees | |||||||||
| Intermittent access | 0.78 | 0.402 | 0.43–1.40 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Consistent access | 0.78 | 0.375 | 0.44–1.36 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Government cash transfers | |||||||||
| Intermittent access | 1.08 | 0.799 | 0.58–2.01 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Consistent access | 1.20 | 0.531 | 0.68–2.12 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| HIV prevention knowledge | |||||||||
| Intermittent access | 0.71 | 0.073 | 0.49–1.03 | 0.69 | 0.045 | 0.47–0.99 | 0.68 | 0.044 | 0.47–0.99 |
| Consistent access | 0.43 | 0.022 | 0.21–0.88 | 0.43 | 0.023 | 0.21–0.89 | 0.43 | 0.021 | 0.21–0.88 |
aAll results for provisions accessed intermittently or consistently use no access as a reference category