Fig. 5. Primary macrophages regulate TNF production through quorum licensing.

a Bone marrow-derived macrophages exhibit cell density-dependent bimodality in LPS-induced TNF expression. The first two conditions (columns) are in biological duplicate and the other three conditions are in biological triplicate. b Secreted factors were measured in cell culture supernatants. The minimum value on each y-axis is the observed lower limit of detection of the assay. A subset of the panel is included here, and the full panel is in Supplementary Fig. 5d–f. Bar graphs represent the mean of the biological replicates and S.E.M. Effects of cell density and treatment condition were assessed using two-factor ANOVAs and Tukey’s HSD tests (Supplementary Note 2). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.