. 2019 Dec 9;50(3):471–484. doi: 10.1007/s40279-019-01243-1

Table 2.

Examples of mean maximal intra-abdominal pressures generated during abdominal exercise and lifting^a

Study	N	Abdominal exercise	Heavy lifting	Lighter lifting
Mouritsen et al. [112] (2007)	23^b			Lift 5.0 kg 22.3 (N/A) cmH₂O
O’Dell and Morse [106] (2007)	12		Lift 20.4 kg 71 (51–120) cmH₂O
Gerten et al. [113] (2008)	41		Lift 15.0 kg 82 (N/A) cmH₂O	Lift 2.5 kg 48 (N/A) cmH₂O
Shaw et al. [108] (2014)	57	Curl-up: 19 (7–82) cm H₂O Full sit up: 60 (14–129) cm H₂O	13.6 kg 35 (17–63) cmH₂O 18.2 kg 48 (14–120) cmH₂O
Yamasato et al. [32] (2014)	147 with SUI/POP			Lift 4.5 kg 12 (2–38) cmH₂O Lift 9 kg 19 (5–64) cmH₂O
Coleman et al. [114] (2015)	16	Plank: 38 (23–60) cmH₂O Roll-up on mat: 51 (33–76) cmH₂O Roll-up on Pilates reformer: 50 (29–74) cmH₂O
Simpson et al. [110] (2016)	30 with SUI/POP	Curl-up: 50 (17–100) cmH₂O
DeGennaro et al. [111] (2017)	25	Curl-up: 27 (9–66) cmH₂O Full sit up: 64 (28–133) cmH₂O Plank: 49 (23–95) cmH₂O
Hsu et al. [115] (2017)	206 6–10 weeks postpartum		Lift 12.5 kg 54 (26–80) cmH₂O

POP pelvic organ prolapse, SUI stress urinary incontinence, N/A not applicable (no range provided)

^aAll pressures were measured using vaginal catheters/sensors with the exception of Gerten et al. [113], who measured pressure using a rectal catheter

^bUnless otherwise specified, participants did not report incontinence