Table 3.

Risk of union dissolution for couples with at least one child

	Iceland		Norway		Sweden
	Estimate	CI	Estimate	CI	Estimate	CI
Fathers’ use of parental leave
Not used	1		1		1
Up to the reserved part	0.78	0.59–1.02	0.75**	0.73–0.77	0.88**	0.86–0.90
More than the reserved part	0.72*	0.52–0.99	0.82**	0.80–0.85	0.93**	0.91–0.96
Union status at first birth
Cohabiting	1		1		1
Married	0.74*	0.60–0.91	0.41**	0.40–0.42	0.73**	0.72–0.75
Time period at first birth
1994–1997a			1		1
1998–2000			1.23**	1.20–1.27	1.04**	1.02–1.07
2001–2004	1		1.46**	1.42–1.51	0.91**	0.89–0.93
2005–2009b	0.76*	0.63–0.91	2.37**	2.29–2.44	0.89**	0.87–0.91
Mother’s education
Low	0.98	0.78–1.24	1.18**	1.13–1.23	1.46**	1.42–1.50
Medium	1		1	1	1
High	0.73*	0.59–0.89	0.92**	0.89–0.94	0.77**	0.76–0.79
Father’s education
Low	1.17	0.94–1.46	1.22**	1.17–1.26	1.27**	1.23–1.30
Medium	1		1		1
High	0.80*	0.64–0.99	0.89**	0.87–0.92	0.92**	0.89–0.94
Immigrant background
Neither parent born abroad	1		1		1
Father born abroad	1.60*	0.07–2.38	1.32**	1.25–1.38	1.61**	1.56–1.66
Mother born abroad	1.04	0.71–1.53	1.13**	1.08–1.19	1.33**	1.29–1.38
Both born abroad	0.90	0.58–1.41	0.81**	0.77–0.86	1.28**	1.24–1.32
Mothers age	0.79*	0.67–0.94	0.83**	0.81–0.85	0.85**	0.83–0.86
Mothers age sq	1.00	1.00–1.00	1.00**	1.00–1.00	1.00**	1.00–1.00
Fathers age	0.88*	0.79–0.97	0.99	0.98–1.01	0.92**	0.91–0.93
Fathers age sq	1.00	1.00–1.00	1.00	1.00–1.00	1.00**	1.00–1.00
Number of children (continuous)
1	1		1		1
2	0.27**	0.22–0.32	0.42**	0.41–0.43	0.43**	0.43–0.44
3 +	0.17**	0.12–0.23	0.28**	0.27–0.29	0.31**	0.30–0.32
Log likelihood	− 2324.16		− 147,504.38		− 202,146.72
Number of observations (person-year exposure)	19,085		919,348		1,476,611

Iceland, Norway and Sweden. Odds ratio

**0.001; *0.05

^a1995 for Sweden

^b2007 for Norway