Table 1.
Demographics and characteristics of participants at baseline.
| Characteristics | Unstable | Stable | Baseline difference | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I-FRT (n = 21) | S-MRT (n = 24) | S-MRTHIP (n = 23) | |||||
| M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | p-value | |
| Age (years) | 71.3 | 3.9 | 69.5 | 3.8 | 69.9 | 3.9 | 0.288 |
| Body height (cm) | 171 | 9 | 169 | 7 | 1.69 | 9 | 0.820 |
| Body mass (kg) | 76.9 | 15.7 | 73.8 | 12.4 | 76.6 | 13.6 | 0.691 |
| Sex (f/m) | 12/9 | 16/8 | 13/10 | − | |||
| Physical activity (h/w) | 9.4 | 9.2 | 11.9 | 8.6 | 12.2 | 7.2 | 0.215* |
| MMSE | 27.9 | 1.6 | 27.8 | 1.8 | 28.0 | 1.6 | 0.914* |
| CDT | all participants were classified as non-pathological | ||||||
| GDS | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.6 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 0.957* |
| FAB_D | 15.1 | 2.1 | 15.3 | 2.0 | 15.7 | 2.2 | 0.521* |
Note: I-FRT = instability free-weight resistance training, S-MRT = stable machine-based resistance training, S-MRTHIP = stable machine-based adductor/abductor training; M = mean; SD = standard deviation; f = female; m = male; MMSE = Mini Mental State Examination; CDT = Clock Drawing Test; GDS = Geriatric Depression Scale; FAB_D = Frontal Assessment Battery, German Version. P-values denoted with an * violated distribution assumptions and non-parametric differ from parametric results and are displayed.