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. 2020 Feb 7;11:35. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00035

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Copyright © 2020 Peppoloni, Pericolini, Colombari, Pinetti, Cermelli, Fini, Prati, Caselli and Blasi.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Confocal analysis of SM23-treated biofilm and evaluation of dead/alive cells. Left panel: confocal microscope images of a 24 h-old biofilm, untreated or treated with SM23 (0.780 and 3.125 μM). The large images illustrate three representative horizontal sections (X and Y axes) of biofilms, while the small images show biofilm sections observed along the Z axis. The micrographs are representative of two independent experiments. Scale bar: 100 μm. Magnification: 20x. Right panel: mean ± SEM of the Relative Fluorescence Units (RFU) of alive (green columns) and dead (black column) cells in a 24 h-old Pseudomonas biofilm treated with SM23 (0.780 and 3.125 μM). ^*p < 0.05; SM23-treated vs. untreated according to one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test.