Ultrastructural alterations of the bacterial membrane. (A) AFM images of S. enterica R60. The images were taken in contact mode. TEM images of (B) S. enterica R60, (C) K. pneumonia ESBL, and (D) S. aureus WT SA113. Columns from left to right: untreated bacteria (untreated), heat-killed for 10 min at 100°C, and γ-inactivated with a dose of 1000 and 8000 Gy, respectively. The figures shown are representative of three independent experiments. To see this figure in color, go online.