TABLE 1.

Cardiac functional parameters measured by 2D echocardiography.

	WT				sEH null
	Female		Male		Female		Male
	Young	Aged	Young	Aged	Young	Aged	Young	Aged
HR, beats/min	460 ± 12	466 ± 7	459 ± 11	467 ± 9	461 ± 8	494 ± 9	479 ± 13	457 ± 15
Wall measurements
EF, %	71.43 ± 1.90	61.62 ± 1.34*	69.11 ± 2.03	57.95 ± 1.22*	69.64 ± 1.66	65.15 ± 1.65	68.53 ± 1.49	57.41 ± 1.91*‡
FS, %	40.53 ± 1.69	32.86 ± 0.93*	38.63 ± 1.67	30.55 ± 0.83*	38.85 ± 1.29	35.49 ± 1.21	37.94 ± 1.14	30.12 ± 1.27*
LVEDV, μl	55.34 ± 2.83	72.04 ± 3.79*	72.34 ± 5.85‡	90.62 ± 2.35*‡	59.28 ± 2.51	69.27 ± 3.41	62.92 ± 2.90	81.75 ± 4.39*
LVESV, μl	16.97 ± 1.61	28.29 ± 2.26*	23.30 ± 2.86	37.63 ± 1.55*‡	18.89 ± 1.64	24.28 ± 2.19	20.12 ± 1.46	35.69 ± 3.18*‡
CO, ml/min	17.78 ± 0.96	20.39 ± 1.01	22.13 ± 1.64	24.74 ± 0.87	18.66 ± 0.79	22.15 ± 0.86	19.90 ± 1.06	20.81 ± 0.68‡
SV, μl	38.37 ± 1.52	43.75 ± 1.82	49.03 ± 3.35‡	52.99 ± 1.58‡	40.41 ± 1.36	44.99 ± 1.59	42.80 ± 2.06	46.07 ± 1.85
Corrected LV mass, mg	66.83 ± 3.60	107.65 ± 6.33*	90.88 ± 7.71‡	142.51 ± 4.57*‡	78.40 ± 3.01	99.73 ± 3.47*	83.25 ± 3.05	117.38 ± 5.20*#
LA, mm	1.59 ± 0.08	2.06 ± 0.12*	1.52 ± 0.09	2.17 ± 0.10*	1.50 ± 0.07	1.98 ± 0.08*	1.59 ± 0.08	2.14 ± 0.06*
IVS-diastole, mm	0.69 ± 0.03	0.86 ± 0.03*	0.73 ± 0.03	0.85 ± 0.02	0.77 ± 0.02	0.85 ± 0.02	0.77 ± 0.03	0.74 ± 0.03
IVS-systole, mm	1.13 ± 0.05	1.26 ± 0.05	1.19 ± 0.05	1.39 ± 0.03*	1.16 ± 0.04	1.27 ± 0.04	1.15 ± 0.04	1.20 ± 0.03#
LVPW-diastole, mm	0.71 ± 0.03	0.88 ± 0.03*	0.82 ± 0.04	0.96 ± 0.03*	0.77 ± 0.03	0.86 ± 0.02	0.82 ± 0.03	0.90 ± 0.03
LVPW-systole, mm	1.13 ± 0.04	1.27 ± 0.04	1.28 ± 0.06	1.34 ± 0.03	1.16 ± 0.04	1.25 ± 0.03	1.25 ± 0.04	1.20 ± 0.04
LVID-diastole, mm	3.60 ± 0.08	4.02 ± 0.09*	3.96 ± 0.14	4.45 ± 0.05*‡	3.69 ± 0.07	3.94 ± 0.08	3.75 ± 0.10	4.25 ± 0.10*
LVID-systole, mm	2.16 ± 0.10	2.71 ± 0.09*	2.44 ± 0.13	3.07 ± 0.05*‡	2.27 ± 0.08	2.55 ± 0.09	2.34 ± 0.08	2.98 ± 0.12*‡
Doppler Imaging
IVRT, ms	17.14 ± 0.97	16.83 ± 0.67	16.67 ± 1.64	15.62 ± 0.47	15.16 ± 0.60	15.06 ± 0.83	15.18 ± 0.78	15.61 ± 0.55
IVCT, ms	12.99 ± 1.22	14.98 ± 0.92	15.00 ± 1.18	16.17 ± 1.03	13.61 ± 1.18	11.98 ± 0.84	12.30 ± 0.72	15.70 ± 0.69
AET, ms	51.70 ± 1.77	42.30 ± 1.03*	48.91 ± 2.40	41.77 ± 0.95*	50.07 ± 1.47	40.03 ± 0.81*	46.02 ± 1.49	43.12 ± 1.31
Tei index	0.581 ± 0.025	0.758 ± 0.029*	0.663 ± 0.049	0.766 ± 0.024	0.574 ± 0.022	0.678 ± 0.034	0.604 ± 0.024	0.727 ± 0.020
E/A	1.88 ± 0.06	1.55 ± 0.06*	1.75 ± 0.09	1.44 ± 0.05*	1.68 ± 0.06	1.43 ± 0.05*	1.63 ± 0.03	1.50 ± 0.03
E′/A′	1.32 ± 0.07	1.22 ± 0.05	1.27 ± 0.09	1.17 ± 0.07	1.39 ± 0.12	1.25 ± 0.11	1.21 ± 0.05	1.09 ± 0.07
E′	22.40 ± 1.44	23.21 ± 1.05	24.95 ± 1.58	22.16 ± 1.17	22.01 ± 1.29	25.55 ± 1.51	23.49 ± 1.75	20.72 ± 1.47
E/E′	30.48 ± 2.06	22.70 ± 1.14*	29.98 ± 2.22	25.43 ± 1.50	29.87 ± 1.43	26.41 ± 1.04	31.03 ± 2.22	32.29 ± 2.35
n number	20	24	13	31	20	21	20	17

Data is shown as mean ± SEM, P < 0.05, * vs. young counterpart; #vs, WT counterpart; ‡vs, female counterpart.