Table 4.
Comparison of the results obtained for the removal of contaminants by coagulation with relevant literature.
| Water type | Removal of contaminants obtained | References |
|---|---|---|
| Process waters from recycled paper production | PANS-PA: 90% turbidity, 45% soluble silica, and 15% soluble COD. PAC-HB: 85% turbidity, 50% soluble silica, and 5% soluble COD. Alum, PAC-MB, and PANS: 65–80% turbidity, 30–35% soluble silica, and 20% soluble COD. |
Present study |
| Process waters from recycled paper production | DAF1 waters: PANS-PA, PAC-HB, and PANS removed 80–85% turbidity, 25–35% soluble silica, and 5–20% soluble COD. Alum and PAC-MB removed 65–70% turbidity, 20% soluble silica, and 20% soluble COD. |
Miranda et al., 2015a |
| DAF2 waters: PANS-PA, PAC-MB, and alum removed 95% turbidity, 20–35% soluble silica, and 20–25% soluble COD. PANS and PAC-HB removed 65–80% turbidity, 20–25% soluble silica, and 10–20% soluble COD. | ||
| Effluent from recycled paper production | Newly developed hybrid coagulants combining PANS and three polyamines of different molecular weights and similar charge densities. Without pH adjustment (pH 8.4), the following removals were obtained: >75% turbidity, 40–50% soluble silica, and up to 40% soluble COD. | Latour et al., 2016 |
| Process waters from recycled paper production | Different coagulation treatments, including bentonite + anionic polyacrylamide, PDADMAC, or PAC. The following contaminants removal were obtained: 60–90% turbidity, 5–50% COD, 0% silica. | Sarja et al., 2004 |
| Process waters from recycled paper production | Different polyaluminum based coagulants (including hybrid coagulants) obtained 90% removal of turbidity and 15% of soluble COD. | Miranda et al., 2009a |
| Process waters from recycled paper production | Dual treatment (chitosans + anionic bentonite microparticles): 80–90% turbidity, 5–10% soluble silica, and 20% soluble COD. | Miranda et al., 2013 |
| The secondary treatment effluent from a high-tech industrial park | PAC/alum coagulation in combination with waste flocs and polyacrylic acid flocculant achieved the following removals at optimal conditions: 95% removal of turbidity, 45–50% colloidal and soluble silica, and 60% soluble COD. | Chuang et al., 2007 |