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. 2020 Feb 7;11:26. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00026

Table 4.

Univariate and multivariate regression analysis of plasma efavirenz concentration at 4 weeks and 16 weeks of cART during rifampicin based anti-TB co-treatment.

Variable Week 4 Week 16 Longitudinal GEE analysis of 4 and 16 weeks
Univariate analysis Multivariate analysis Univariate analysis Multivariate analysis Univariate analysis Multivariate analysis
Mean diff (95% CI) p-value Mean diff (95% CI) p-value Mean diff (95% CI) p-value Mean diff (95% CI) p-value Mean diff (95% CI) p-value Mean diff (95% CI) p-value
Country
Tanzania Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
Ethiopia 0.01 (−0.09–0.12) 0.79 −0.00 (−0.12–0.11) 0.98 0.01 (−0.12–0.14) 0.88 0.01 (−0.12–0.14) 0.92 0.03 (−0.07–0.13) 0.56 0.05 (−0.07–0.17) 0.45
Sex
Females Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
Males −0.09 (−0.19–0.01) 0.07 −0.03 (−0.12–0.05) 0.43 −0.16 (−0.28–0.03) 0.013 −0.10 (−0.21–0.01) 0.07 −0.10 (−0.19–0.00) 0.046 −0.06 (−0.15–0.03) 0.17
Type of TB
Smear positive Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
Smear negative 0.07 (−0.03–0.17) 0.18 0.05 (−0.04–0.15) 0.27 −0.00 (−0.13–0.13) 0.97 0.08 (−0.02–0.18) 0.12 0.06 (−0.04–0.16) 0.21
WHO stage
Stage III Ref Ref Ref
Stage IV 0.01 (−0.12–0.13) 0.90 0.02 (−0.12–0.18) 0.77 0.02 (−0.11–0.14) 0.76
HAART initiated
Stavudine Ref Ref Ref
Zidovudine −0.02 (−0.12–0.09) 0.77 −0.05 (−0.18–0.09) 0.49 −0.06 (−0.16–0.04) 0.27
Tenofovir 0.12 (−0.09–0.33) 0.28 0.12 (−0.17–0.40) 0.41 0.07 (−0.15–0.28) 0.54
BMI (kg/m2) 0.00 (−0.01–0.02) 0.57 −0.00 (−0.02–0.02) 0.99 0.00 (−0.01–0.02) 0.94
Anemia
≥8.5g/dl Ref Ref Ref
<8.5g/dl 0.01 (−0.13–0.15) 0.86 −0.04 (−0.21–0.13) 0.65 0.04 (−0.09–0.18) 0.53
Hepatitis B
Negative Ref Ref Ref
Positive −0.03 (−0.29–0.23) 0.81 0.19 (−0.09–0.48) 0.18 0.18 (−0.06–0.42) 0.13 0.12 (−0.12–0.36) 0.33
Hepatitis C
Negative Ref Ref Ref
Positive 0.17 (−0.23–0.58) 0.40 0.11 (−0.67–0.88) 0.78 0.22 (−0.21–0.66) 0.32
CD4 cell count)
<100 cells/µl Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
≥100 cells/µl 0.11 (0.01–0.20) 0.037 0.08 (−0.00–0.17) 0.050 0.06 (−0.07–0.19) 0.34 0.09 (0.01–0.19) 0.07 0.08 (−0.01–0.17) 0.06
VL log copies/ml −0.00 (−0.04–0.03) 0.89 0.01 (−0.03–0.05) 0.64 −0.00 (−0.03–0.03) 0.97
CYP2B6
*1/*1 Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
*1/*6 0.17 (0.08–0.27) 0.001 0.16 (0.06–0.26) 0.002 0.22 (0.10–0.35) <0.001 0.22 (0.09–0.35) 0.001 0.25 (0.15–0.36) <0.001 0.23 (0.12–0.33) <0.001
*6/*6 0.70 (0.54–0.86) <0.001 0.68 (0.51–0.84) <0.001 0.71 (0.49–0.93) <0.001 0.68 (0.46–0.91) <0.001 0.63 (0.46–0.81) <0.001 0.59 (0.42–0.77) <0.001
Number of CYP3A5*1 allele
Zero Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
one 0.05 (−0.08–0.18) 0.46 −0.01 (−0.12–0.10) 0.88 −0.01 (−0.17–0.16) 0.93 0.08 (−0.05–0.20) 0.22 0.04 (−0.07–0.15) 0.49
Two 0.10 (−0.05–0.25) 0.18 0.02 (−0.13–0.16) 0.83 0.09 (−0.09–0.29) 0.31 0.17 (0.03–0.31) 0.021 0.10 (−0.04–0.25) 0.15
ABCB1 c 3435 C/T
CC Ref Ref Ref
CT&TT 0.04 (−0.08–0.17) 0.51 −0.01 (−0.17–0.15) 0.91 −0.00 (−0.13–0.12) 0.97
SLCO1B1 A174V
TT Ref Ref Ref
CT&CC 0.04 (−0.09–0.18) 0.56 −0.12 (−0.29–0.06) 0.19 −0.03 (−0.19–0.13) 0.67 −0.02 (−0.16–0.12) 0.81
UGT2B7
AA Ref Ref Ref
AG&GG 0.02 (−0.14–0.17) 0.81 0.02 (−0.16–0.21) 0.79 0.03 (−0.13–0.18) 0.73

cART, combination antiretroviral therapy; GEE, generalized estimating equation; WHO stage, World Health Organization clinical staging; BMI, body mass index.