Table 4.
Univariate and multivariate regression analysis of plasma efavirenz concentration at 4 weeks and 16 weeks of cART during rifampicin based anti-TB co-treatment.
| Variable | Week 4 | Week 16 | Longitudinal GEE analysis of 4 and 16 weeks | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||||||
| Mean diff (95% CI) | p-value | Mean diff (95% CI) | p-value | Mean diff (95% CI) | p-value | Mean diff (95% CI) | p-value | Mean diff (95% CI) | p-value | Mean diff (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Country | ||||||||||||
| Tanzania | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||
| Ethiopia | 0.01 (−0.09–0.12) | 0.79 | −0.00 (−0.12–0.11) | 0.98 | 0.01 (−0.12–0.14) | 0.88 | 0.01 (−0.12–0.14) | 0.92 | 0.03 (−0.07–0.13) | 0.56 | 0.05 (−0.07–0.17) | 0.45 |
| Sex | ||||||||||||
| Females | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||
| Males | −0.09 (−0.19–0.01) | 0.07 | −0.03 (−0.12–0.05) | 0.43 | −0.16 (−0.28–0.03) | 0.013 | −0.10 (−0.21–0.01) | 0.07 | −0.10 (−0.19–0.00) | 0.046 | −0.06 (−0.15–0.03) | 0.17 |
| Type of TB | ||||||||||||
| Smear positive | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||
| Smear negative | 0.07 (−0.03–0.17) | 0.18 | 0.05 (−0.04–0.15) | 0.27 | −0.00 (−0.13–0.13) | 0.97 | 0.08 (−0.02–0.18) | 0.12 | 0.06 (−0.04–0.16) | 0.21 | ||
| WHO stage | ||||||||||||
| Stage III | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||||
| Stage IV | 0.01 (−0.12–0.13) | 0.90 | 0.02 (−0.12–0.18) | 0.77 | 0.02 (−0.11–0.14) | 0.76 | ||||||
| HAART initiated | ||||||||||||
| Stavudine | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||||
| Zidovudine | −0.02 (−0.12–0.09) | 0.77 | −0.05 (−0.18–0.09) | 0.49 | −0.06 (−0.16–0.04) | 0.27 | ||||||
| Tenofovir | 0.12 (−0.09–0.33) | 0.28 | 0.12 (−0.17–0.40) | 0.41 | 0.07 (−0.15–0.28) | 0.54 | ||||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 0.00 (−0.01–0.02) | 0.57 | −0.00 (−0.02–0.02) | 0.99 | 0.00 (−0.01–0.02) | 0.94 | ||||||
| Anemia | ||||||||||||
| ≥8.5g/dl | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||||
| <8.5g/dl | 0.01 (−0.13–0.15) | 0.86 | −0.04 (−0.21–0.13) | 0.65 | 0.04 (−0.09–0.18) | 0.53 | ||||||
| Hepatitis B | ||||||||||||
| Negative | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||||
| Positive | −0.03 (−0.29–0.23) | 0.81 | 0.19 (−0.09–0.48) | 0.18 | 0.18 (−0.06–0.42) | 0.13 | 0.12 (−0.12–0.36) | 0.33 | ||||
| Hepatitis C | ||||||||||||
| Negative | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||||
| Positive | 0.17 (−0.23–0.58) | 0.40 | 0.11 (−0.67–0.88) | 0.78 | 0.22 (−0.21–0.66) | 0.32 | ||||||
| CD4 cell count) | ||||||||||||
| <100 cells/µl | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||
| ≥100 cells/µl | 0.11 (0.01–0.20) | 0.037 | 0.08 (−0.00–0.17) | 0.050 | 0.06 (−0.07–0.19) | 0.34 | 0.09 (0.01–0.19) | 0.07 | 0.08 (−0.01–0.17) | 0.06 | ||
| VL log copies/ml | −0.00 (−0.04–0.03) | 0.89 | 0.01 (−0.03–0.05) | 0.64 | −0.00 (−0.03–0.03) | 0.97 | ||||||
| CYP2B6 | ||||||||||||
| *1/*1 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||
| *1/*6 | 0.17 (0.08–0.27) | 0.001 | 0.16 (0.06–0.26) | 0.002 | 0.22 (0.10–0.35) | <0.001 | 0.22 (0.09–0.35) | 0.001 | 0.25 (0.15–0.36) | <0.001 | 0.23 (0.12–0.33) | <0.001 |
| *6/*6 | 0.70 (0.54–0.86) | <0.001 | 0.68 (0.51–0.84) | <0.001 | 0.71 (0.49–0.93) | <0.001 | 0.68 (0.46–0.91) | <0.001 | 0.63 (0.46–0.81) | <0.001 | 0.59 (0.42–0.77) | <0.001 |
| Number of CYP3A5*1 allele | ||||||||||||
| Zero | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||
| one | 0.05 (−0.08–0.18) | 0.46 | −0.01 (−0.12–0.10) | 0.88 | −0.01 (−0.17–0.16) | 0.93 | 0.08 (−0.05–0.20) | 0.22 | 0.04 (−0.07–0.15) | 0.49 | ||
| Two | 0.10 (−0.05–0.25) | 0.18 | 0.02 (−0.13–0.16) | 0.83 | 0.09 (−0.09–0.29) | 0.31 | 0.17 (0.03–0.31) | 0.021 | 0.10 (−0.04–0.25) | 0.15 | ||
| ABCB1 c 3435 C/T | ||||||||||||
| CC | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||||
| CT&TT | 0.04 (−0.08–0.17) | 0.51 | −0.01 (−0.17–0.15) | 0.91 | −0.00 (−0.13–0.12) | 0.97 | ||||||
| SLCO1B1 A174V | ||||||||||||
| TT | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||||
| CT&CC | 0.04 (−0.09–0.18) | 0.56 | −0.12 (−0.29–0.06) | 0.19 | −0.03 (−0.19–0.13) | 0.67 | −0.02 (−0.16–0.12) | 0.81 | ||||
| UGT2B7 | ||||||||||||
| AA | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||||
| AG&GG | 0.02 (−0.14–0.17) | 0.81 | 0.02 (−0.16–0.21) | 0.79 | 0.03 (−0.13–0.18) | 0.73 | ||||||
cART, combination antiretroviral therapy; GEE, generalized estimating equation; WHO stage, World Health Organization clinical staging; BMI, body mass index.