Table 1.
Demographic, clinical and biochemical parameters of the recruited pediatric population, subdivided for metabolic syndrome (with/without) and sex (female/male).
| Parameter | Obese without Metabolic Syndrome | Obese with Metabolic Syndrome | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | Females | Males | All | Females | Males | |
| N. | 548 | 312 | 236 | 96 | 53 | 43 |
| Age (years) | 14.4 ± 2.3 | 14.7 ± 2.3 | 14.0 ± 2.3 | 14.7 ± 2.3 | 14.5 ± 2.5 | 15.0 ± 1.9 |
| Height (m) | 1.6 ± 0.1 | 1.6 ± 0.1 | 1.7 ± 0.1 | 1.6 ± 0.1 | 1.6 ± 0.1 | 1.7 ± 0.1 |
| Weight (kg) | 96.1 ± 23.4 a | 92.2 ± 18.6 b,c,d | 101.2 ± 27.7 | 104.1 ± 23.9 | 101.6 ± 21.4 | 107.2 ± 26.6 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 36.3 ± 6.7 a | 35.9 ± 5.8 | 36.7 ± 7.7 | 38.3 ± 6.9 | 38.3 ± 6.7 | 38.4 ± 7.2 |
| Waist (cm) | 109.7 ± 15.3 a | 106.2 ± 13.4 b,c,d | 114.9 ± 16.4 | 123.7 ± 17.8 | 121.5 ± 18.7 | 126.3 ± 16.8 |
| WHR | 0.9 ± 0.1 a | 0.9 ± 0.1 b,c,d | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 86.3 ± 6.6 a | 85.4 ± 6.8 d | 87.7 ± 6.1 | 94.7 ± 39.1 | 97.5 ± 53.1 | 91.4 ± 8.3 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 96.0 ± 36.9 a | 94.5 ± 32.0 c,d | 98.2 ± 43.3 c,d | 158.7 ± 63.2 | 158.7 ± 53.4 | 158.8 ± 74.6 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 46.0 ± 0.7 a | 46.5 ± 9.5 c,d | 45.3 ± 7.4 c,d | 38.7 ± 7.7 | 39.9 ± 7.0 | 37.3 ± 8.3 |
| HR (bpm) | 83.9 ± 12.9 a | 84.8 ± 12.8 | 82.6 ± 13.0 c | 87.1 ± 13.7 | 88.4 ± 11.7 | 85.4 ± 15.8 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 75.5 ± 5.8 | 75.8 ± 5.6 | 75.0 ± 6.2 | 80.5 ± 8.5 | 86.0 ± 5.5 | 75.8 ± 8.0 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 120.9 ± 10.1 a | 119.5 ± 8.8 c,d | 123.0 ± 11.5 | 130.9 ± 10.7 | 130.0 ± 11.5 | 131.9 ± 9.8 |
a: p < 0.05 vs. all obese subjects with metabolic syndrome; b: p < 0.05 vs. obese males without metabolic syndrome; c: p < 0.05 vs. obese females with metabolic syndrome; d: p < 0.05 vs. obese males with metabolic syndrome.