Table 2.
Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratio (OR) for early introduction of core foods (<17 weeks).
| Characteristics | Unadjusted Odds Ratio a | Adjusted Odds Ratio b | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p-Value | Overall p-Value | OR (95% CI) | p-Value | Overall p-Value | |
| Family Characteristics ** | ||||||
| Maternal Age | 0.90 (0.87–0.94) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.92 (0.88–0.96) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Maternal education | ||||||
| Left school before 12 | 1.00 | |||||
| Completed school | 0.98 (0.57–1.70) | 0.990 | 1.24 (0.68–2.25) | 0.472 | ||
| College/TAFE | 0.61 (0.33–1.13) | 0.117 | <0.001 | 0.75 (0.38–1.47) | 0.414 | 0.037 |
| University | 0.34 (0.19–0.59) | <0.001 | 0.53 (0.28–0.99) | 0.047 | ||
| Maternal marital status | ||||||
| Married | 1.00 | Not retained in the final model | ||||
| Living with partner | 1.79 (1.02–3.15) | 0.040 | <0.001 | |||
| Single | 2.97 (1.73–5.09) | <0.001 | ||||
| Maternal work status at 17-weeks | ||||||
| Not working | 1.00 | |||||
| Casual | 1.97 (0.72–5.37) | 0.185 | 2.0 (0.67–5.99) | 0.212 | ||
| Part-time | 2.31 (1.10–4.84) | 0.025 | 0.126 | 3.42 (1.54–7.62) | 0.003 | 0.017 |
| Full-time | 0.95 (0.33–2.75) | 0.933 | 1.25 (0.41–3.80) | 0.688 | ||
| Maternal country of birth | ||||||
| Australia born | 1.00 | |||||
| Other English-speaking countries | 0.31 (0.11–0.85) | 0.023 | 0.099 | 2.21 (1.11–4.40) | 0.023 | <0.001 |
| Non-English-speaking countries | 0.68 (0.35–1.35) | 0.282 | 0.53 (0.32–0.86) | 0.011 | ||
| Partner country of birth | ||||||
| Australia born | 1.00 | Not retained in the final model | ||||
| Other English-speaking countries | 0.20 (0.08–0.53) | 0.001 | 0.010 | |||
| Non-English-speaking countries | 0.70 (0.33–1.47) | 0.351 | ||||
| Index for relative socioeconomic advantage and disadvantage | ||||||
| Least disadvantaged | 1.00 | Not retained in the final model | ||||
| Low disadvantaged | 2.26 (1.15–4.41) | 0.017 | ||||
| Moderately disadvantaged | 3.89 (1.45–10.46) | 0.007 | 0.044 | |||
| Highly disadvantaged | 1.79 (0.93–3.42) | 0.078 | ||||
| Most disadvantaged | 1.83 (0.99–3.38) | 0.051 | ||||
| Maternal smoking during pregnancy | ||||||
| No | 1.00 | |||||
| Yes | 3.57 (0.95–5.70) | <0.001 | <0.001 | Not retained in the final model | ||
| Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy | ||||||
| No | 1.00 | Not retained in the final model | ||||
| Yes | 1.47 (0.83–2.62) | 0.184 | 0.198 | |||
| Infant Characteristics ** | ||||||
| Infant gestational age | ||||||
| Pre-term | 1.00 | Not retained in the final model | ||||
| Full-term | 1.83 (0.72–4.66) | 0.201 | 0.166 | |||
| Infant feeding method at 4 weeks of age | ||||||
| Only breastfeeding | 1.00 | |||||
| Only formula feeding | 3.96 (2.52–6.24) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 3.26 (1.99–5.33) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Both breastfeeding and formula feeding | 0.85 (0.47–1.52) | 0.59 | 0.91 (0.49–1.69) | 0.787 | ||
Note: Backward stepwise model with dichotomous outcome of (0: <17-weeks; 1: ≥17-weeks). a All the variables in the Unadjusted model were variables which had a p-value of <0.25. ** child gender, birth-weight, method of delivery, and parity had a p-value >0.25; therefore, were not included in the unadjusted model. b Adjusted for maternal marital status, partners’ country of birth, index of relative socio-economic advantaged and disadvantage, mother’s smoking during pregnancy, mother’s alcohol consumption during pregnancy and infant gestational age. OR: odds ratio, 95% CI: 95% confidence interval.