Table 1.
Mediterranean Diet adherence and risk of mortality.
| Author and Year of Publication | Study Design | Sample Size | Risk of Mortality |
|---|---|---|---|
| Trichopoulou, 2003, [84] | Population-based, prospective study | 8895 men and 13,148 women | Death from any cause: HR = 0.75 (95% CI: 0.64–0.87) for a Two-Point Increase in the Mediterranean-Diet Score Death from coronary heart disease: HR = 0.67 (95% CI: 0.47–0.94) for a Two-Point Increase in the Mediterranean-Diet Score Death from cancer: HR = 0.76 (95% CI: 0.59–0.98) for a Two-Point Increase in the Mediterranean-Diet Score |
| Estruch, 2013, [86] | Parallel-group, multicentre, randomized trial |
1050 men and 1493 women with MD with EVOO 1128 men and 1326 women with MD with nuts 987 men and 1463 women with Control Diet |
Myocardial infarction, stroke, and death from cardiovascular causes: HR = 0.70 (95% CI: 0.54–0.92, p = 0.01) for MD with EVOO vs. Control Diet HR = 0.72 (95% CI: 0.54–0.96, p = 0.03) for MD with Nuts vs. Control Diet Death from any cause: HR = 0.82 (95% CI: 0.64–1.07, p = 0.15) for MD with EVOO vs. Control Diet HR = 0.97 (95% CI: 0.74–1.26, p = 0.82) for MD with Nuts vs. Control Diet |
| Estruch, 2018, [87] | Parallel-group, multicentre, randomized trial |
1050 men and 1493 women with MD with EVOO 1128 men and 1326 women with MD with nuts 987 men and 1463 women with Control Diet |
Myocardial infarction: HR = 0.82 (95% CI: 0.52–1.30) for MD with EVOO vs. Control Diet HR = 0.76 (95% CI: 0.47–1.25) for MD with Nuts vs. Control Diet Stroke: HR = 0.65 (95% CI: 0.44–0.95) for MD with EVOO vs. Control Diet HR = 0.54 (95% CI: 0.35–0.82) for MD with Nuts vs. Control Diet Death from cardiovascular causes: HR = 0.62 (95% CI: 0.36–1.06) for MD with EVOO vs. Control Diet HR = 1.02 (95% CI: 0.63–1.67) for MD with Nuts vs. Control Diet Death from any cause: HR = 0.90 (95% CI: 0.69–1.18) for MD with EVOO vs. Control Diet HR = 1.12 (95% CI: 0.86–1.47) for MD with Nuts vs. Control Diet |
| Sofi, 2008, [88] | Meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies | 1,574,299 subjects from 12 studies | Mortality from cardiovascular diseases: RR = 0.91 (95% CI: 0.87–0.95) Mortality from any cause: RR = 0.91 (95% CI: 0.89–0.94 Mortality from cancer: RR = 0.94 (95% CI: 0.92–0.96) Incidence of Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease: RR = 0.87 (95% CI: 0.80–0.96) |
| Sofi, 2010, [89] | Meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies | 508,393 subjects from 7 studies | Mortality from cardiovascular diseases: RR = 0.90 (95% CI: 0.87–0.93) Mortality from any cause: RR = 0.92 (95% CI: 0.90–0.94) Mortality from cancer: RR = 0.94 (95% CI: 0.92–0.96) Incidence of neurodegenerative disease: RR = 0.87 (95% CI: 0.81–0.94) |
| Kromhout, 2018, [92] | Prospective Cohort Study | 12,763 subjects from 16 cohorts of the Seven Countries Study | Mortality from cardiovascular diseases: Inverse association between consumption of cereals, vegetables, legumes, and alcohol and long-term CHD mortality rates (r = −0.52 to −0.62) Positive association between consumption of hard fat plus sweet products, animal foods except fish, and long-term CHD mortality rates (r = 0.68 to 0.84) |