Table 5.

Mediterranean diet components and frailty.

Author and Year of Publication	Study Design	Sample Size	Risk of Frailty
Milaneschi, 2011, [146]	Prospective population-based study	935 community-living subjects aged over 65 years from the InCHIANTI Study cohort	Adjusted odds of developing mobility disability: OR = 0.73 (95% CI: 0.41–1.28, p = 0.27) for highest vs. lowest adherence to MD; Decrease in SPPB scores at 9 years of follow up: Average Score = 0.9 (SE = 0.41, p = 0.03) for highest vs. lowest adherence to MD; Adjusted incidence of mobility disability: HR = 0.71 (95% CI: 0.51–0.98, p = 0.04) for highest vs. lowest adherence to MD
Bollwein, 2013, [147]	Cross-sectional study	192 community-dwelling volunteers aged over 75 years	Odds Ratio for Frailty: OR = 0.19 (95% CI: 0.05–0.82, p = 0.011) for highest vs. lowest adherence to MD
Talegawkar, 2012, [155]	Prospective population-based study	690 community-living subjects aged over 65 years from the InCHIANTI Study cohort	Odds Ratio for Frailty: OR = 0.30 (95% CI: 0.14–0.66) for highest vs. lowest adherence to MD
Luz, 2015, [156]	Prospective cohort study	1872 non-institutionalized subjects aged over 60 years from the Seniors-ENRICA cohort Study	Odds Ratio for Frailty: OR = 0.40 (95% CI: 0.20–0.81, p = 0.009) for highest adherence to a “prudent pattern” diet; 0.40 (0.20–0.81) 0.009 OR = 1.61 (95% CI: 0.85–3.03, p = 0.14) for highest adherence to a “westernized pattern” diet
Rahi, 2017, [163]	Population-based prospective cohort study	560 non-institutionalized subjects aged over 65 years from the cohort of Three-City-Bordeaux Study	Odds Ratio for Frailty: OR = 0.32 (95% CI: 0.14–0.72, p = 0.006) for highest vs. lowest adherence to MD
Veronese, 2017, [165]	Population-based prospective cohort study	1857 men and 2564 women from the The Osteoarthritis Initiative cohort Study	Odds Ratio for Frailty: OR = 0.71 (95% CI: 0.50–0.99, p = 0.047) for highest vs. lowest adherence to MD